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Pregnancy's immune mystery: why flu hits harder than COVID

NCT ID NCT04962477

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: Washington University School of Medicine Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 25, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

This study looked at why pregnant women tend to get more severe flu but not worse COVID-19. Researchers collected nasal brush samples and blood from 48 pregnant and non-pregnant women to compare how their immune systems respond to these viruses. The goal is to understand the protective and risk factors in the nose during pregnancy.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

What this could lead to
If successful, this research could help explain why pregnancy changes immune responses to respiratory viruses, potentially guiding future treatments or preventive strategies.
What could go wrong
This is a small observational study (48 participants) that only looks at immune markers, not treatments. Findings may not apply to all pregnant women or other viruses.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Participants

48 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Mar 2022

Finished

Sep 2023

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Who is studied

Pregnant cohort: pregnant women in their third trimester admitted to the hospital for any elective procedure (cesarean delivery, labor induction etc.,) Non-pregnant cohort: age-matched female volunteers

Ages

18 to 45 years

Sex

Female participants only

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy, uncomplicated pregnant subjects in the third trimester ((≥ 28 ≤ 41 weeks' gestation) * Healthy non-pregnant adult female volunteers between the ages of 18 - 45 years. * Between 18-45 years old * Able to provide consent Exclusion Criteria: * Patients in labor * Critically ill patients needing intubation and mechanical ventilation * Patients with fever or influenza-like illness * H/o epistaxis or rhinosinusitis * Nasal polyposis and deviated nasal septum * Preeclampsia and chronic hypertension * Use of anti-hypertensives * Ongoing seasonal allergy * H/o asthma * Recent recovery from SARS-CoV-2 or influenza A infection (≤ 4 weeks) * Recent receipt of either COVID-19 or influenza A vaccine (≤ 4 weeks) * Use of immunosuppressive medications * Use of inhaled corticosteroids * Use of hormonal contraceptives in non-pregnant population * Allergy to local anesthetic

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

Inflammation pregnancy disorder

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Innate inflammatory response Pregnancy related

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Washington University in St. Louis

    St Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.