New hope for hard-to-treat cancers: experimental drug targets HER2-positive tumors

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: Voluntarily sign a written informed consent form. Age ≥ 18 years. Diagnosed with the corresponding advanced tumor confirmed by histology and/or cytology, combined with imaging or ultrasound assessment, and pathologically confirmed as HER2-positive (i.e., HER2 ≥ 1+ by immunohistochemistry \[IHC\]). Cohort 1 only: Histologically confirmed extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease. Cohort 2 only: Histologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic rare solid tumor (e.g., sarcoma, urachal cancer) refractory to standard treatment or for whom no standard treatment is available. Cohort 3 only: Histologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma with disease progression following first-line treatment with a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined with enfortumab vedotin or disitamab vedotin. ECOG Performance Status: 0 to 2. At least one measurable lesion (according to RECIST v1.1 criteria: non-nodal lesions with longest diameter ≥10 mm on CT scan, nodal lesions with short axis ≥15 mm on CT scan). Hematological function: Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 × 10⁹/L Platelet count (PLT) ≥ 70 × 10⁹/L Hemoglobin (HGB) ≥ 80 g/L Hepatic function: Serum total bilirubin (TBIL) ≤ 1.5 × Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 3 × ULN (≤ 5 × ULN if liver metastases are present) Serum albumin ≥ 28 g/L Renal function: Serum creatinine (Cr) ≤ 1.5 × ULN or Creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min (calculated using the standard Cockcroft-Gault formula) Coagulation function: International Normalized Ratio (INR) ≤ 1.5 and/or Prothrombin Time (PT) ≤ 1.5 × ULN Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) ≤ 1.5 × ULN Estimated life expectancy ≥ 3 months. Use of medically approved contraception during the treatment period and for at least 120 days after the end of the study; sperm donation or cryopreservation for fertilization purposes is not allowed during this period. Ability to comply with the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study: Presence of any severe and/or uncontrolled disease, including: Poorly controlled hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 150 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 100 mmHg); poorly controlled diabetes (fasting blood glucose \[FBG\] \> 10 mmol/L). ≥ Grade 2 myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia (QTcF ≥ 470 ms), or ≥ Grade 2 congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association \[NYHA\] classification). Active or uncontrolled severe infection (≥ CTCAE Grade 2 infection) requiring systemic antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral treatment, including tuberculosis infection. History of active tuberculosis. Uncontrolled ascites, pericardial effusion, or pleural effusion requiring repeated drainage. Active hepatitis (liver enzyme levels not meeting inclusion criteria; for Hepatitis B: HBV DNA ≥ 2000 IU/ml or ≥ 10⁴ copies/ml; for Hepatitis C: HCV RNA ≥ 2000 IU/ml or ≥ 10⁴ copies/ml; carriers with chronic hepatitis B virus \[HBV DNA \< 10⁴ IU/ml\] may be enrolled if they receive concomitant antiviral therapy during the trial). History of immunodeficiency, including HIV positivity or other acquired or congenital immunodeficiency diseases. Known history of allogeneic organ transplantation or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Known presence of brain metastases, leptomeningeal metastasis, spinal cord compression, or spinal metastasis. Within 6 months prior to the first dose: history of esophageal/gastric varices, severe ulcer, unhealed wound, gastrointestinal perforation, abdominal fistula, intestinal obstruction, intra-abdominal abscess, acute gastrointestinal bleeding; extensive intestinal resection (partial colectomy or extensive small bowel resection with chronic diarrhea), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or chronic diarrhea. Presence of non-healing or poorly healed wounds, active ulcers. Toxicity from previous antineoplastic therapy that has not resolved to ≤ Grade 1 per NCI CTCAE v5.0 (except for alopecia). Major surgical treatment, open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to the start of study treatment; or presence of long-term unhealed wounds or fractures. History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to monoclonal antibodies; known allergy to the active components or excipients of the study drug(s). Participation in another clinical trial within 4 weeks prior to the start of the study. Administration of a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose, or planned administration during the study. History of severe allergy. Bleeding tendency, coagulopathy, or undergoing thrombolytic therapy. History of drug abuse or inability to discontinue use, or history of psychiatric disorders. History of clear neurological or psychiatric disorders, such as dementia, epilepsy, or susceptibility to seizures. Any condition that, in the investigator's judgment, seriously endangers subject safety, affects subject completion of the study (e.g., severe diabetes, thyroid disease, psychosis), may compromise subject safety or the ability to provide informed consent (including abnormal laboratory findings), or involves psychological, familial, sociological, or geographical conditions that may preclude compliance with the study protocol and follow-up plan. Any other reason deemed by the investigator to make the subject unsuitable for participation in this clinical trial.