Smart radiation therapy could make stem cell transplants safer for Non-Cancer patients

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age \>= 18 years and \< 50 years * Nonmalignant disease treatable by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Patients with a nonmalignant disease that is not clearly defined must be approved by the principal investigator (PI) * Karnofsky score \>= 70 * Patients must have normal elastography * If ferritin is elevated, patient must have less than 7 mg/g liver iron concentration on liver T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) * Patients should have an official gastrointestinal (GI) consult prior to the transplant for full evaluation * DONOR INCLUSION * HLA matched related donor that is genotypically or phenotypically identical for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1. Phenotypic identity must be confirmed by high-resolution typing. Sibling donors are preferred over other relationships * Unrelated donor. * Matched for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and DQB1 by high-resolution typing; OR * Mismatched for a single HLA-class 1 allele or HLA-DQB1 antigen or allele by high-resolution typing. Note: A donor homozygous for one allele only at HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, or DQB1 is allowed (1 antigen mismatch for graft versus host disease \[GVHD\], 0 antigen mismatch for graft-rejection). In the case of a recipient who is homozygous at one locus, the mismatch is not allowed to be at that locus (0 antigen mismatch for GVHD, 1 antigen mismatch for graft-rejection) * HLA haploidentical donor. There must be one shared HLA-haplotype based on inheritance. The noninherited haplotype is allowed to be mismatched at any or all of these loci: HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 or DQB1. * Donor selection guideline recommendations: in the case where there are multiple donor options, donors should be selected based on the following priority numbered below: * Related donor genotypically HLA-matched * Related donor phenotypically HLA-matched * Unrelated donor HLA-matched * Unrelated donor with single allele level mismatch at class 1 (HLA-A, -B, or -C). For example, HLA-A02:01 versus HLA-A 02:02 * Unrelated donor with single allele level mismatch at DQB1 * HLA-haploidentical donor Note: We require that the donor testing be performed by a United States Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA) approved laboratory. In the very rare case where the donor testing is not able to be performed in a CLIA approved laboratory, or there is confirmatory testing that needs to be performed, or for any donor identified from Europe and at risk for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), we note this on the donor screening form and require that the unrelated donor medical director or the attending physician approves the use of the donor HPC-A product under urgent medical need Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with Fanconi Anemia * Impaired cardiac function as evidenced by ejection fraction \< 35% (or, if unable to obtain ejection fraction, shortening fraction of \< 26%) or cardiac insufficiency requiring treatment or symptomatic coronary artery disease. Patients with a shortening fraction of \< 26% may be enrolled if approved by a cardiologist. In addition, patients with poorly controlled hypertension on multiple anti-hypertensive medications, symptomatic coronary artery disease, or patients on cardiac medications for antiarrhythmic or inotropic effects are excluded * Impaired pulmonary function as evidenced by carbon monoxide diffusing capability test (DLCO) \< 35% of predicted or receiving supplemental continuous oxygen. In addition, if patients are unable to perform pulmonary function tests, then O2 saturation \< 92% on room air * Impaired renal function as evidenced by estimated creatinine clearance less than 50 ml/min or serum creatinine \> 2 x upper normal limit or dialysis-dependent. Serum creatinine value must be within 28 days prior to start of conditioning \* The creatinine clearance may be estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula * Impaired liver function as evidenced by abnormal hepatic function within 2 months prior to the astatine-211 infusion date defined as a total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \> 2 times the upper limit of normal (with the exception of elevated total bilirubin level, predominantly indirect bilirubin, in patients with hemoglobinopathy due to acute and/or chronic hemolysis). In addition, patients with the following liver abnormalities are excluded: fulminant liver failure, cirrhosis of the liver with evidence of portal hypertension, alcoholic hepatitis, esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, uncorrectable hepatic synthetic dysfunction as evidenced by prolongation of the prothrombin time, ascites related to portal hypertension, bacterial or fungal liver abscess, biliary obstruction, chronic viral hepatitis, or symptomatic biliary disease * An uncontrolled infection requiring deferral of conditioning as recommended by an infectious disease specialist. A viral upper respiratory tract infection does not constitute an uncontrolled infection in this context * Patients who are known to be positive for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) * Women of childbearing potential who are pregnant or breast-feeding * Fertile men or women unwilling to use contraceptive techniques during and for 12 months following treatment * Allergy to murine-based monoclonal antibodies * Known contraindication to radiotherapy * DONOR EXCLUSION * Donors are excluded when preexisting immunoreactivity is identified that would jeopardize donor hematopoietic cell engraftment. The recommended procedure for patients with 10 of 10 HLA allele level (phenotypic) match is to obtain panel reactive antibody (PRA) screens to class I and class II antigens for all patients before hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). If the PRA shows \> 10% activity, then flow cytometric or B and T cell cytotoxic cross matches should be obtained. The donor should be excluded if any of the cytotoxic cross match assays are positive. For those patients with an HLA class I allele or class II allele or antigen mismatch or haploidentical donors, flow cytometric or B and T cell cytotoxic cross matches should be obtained regardless of the PRA results. A positive anti-donor cytotoxic crossmatch is an absolute donor exclusion