Volleyball players boost game smarts with reflective pauses in practice
NCT ID NCT07253597
First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026
Summary
This study tested whether adding structured reflection and guided questioning to volleyball practice helps university players make better decisions during games. Twenty-four male players from a Colombian university program were split into two groups: one did a 4-week Tactical Critical Thinking Program integrated into regular practice, while the other continued usual training. Before and after the program, researchers measured decision-making in small-sided games. The goal was to see if this cognitive approach improves tactical choices for serving, receiving, and spiking.
What this could mean
Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.
- Active substance
- Tactical Critical Thinking Program (structured reflective pauses and guided questioning during volleyball practice)
- What this could lead to
- If it works, this could point toward a simple way to improve players' in-game decision-making without extra equipment or drills.
- What could go wrong
- This is a small, early study with only 24 participants, so results may not apply to other teams or levels. The intervention is behavioral, so effects may be modest or hard to separate from usual training.
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Study facts
What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.
- Phase
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Not a phased trial
Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.
- Participants
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24 people
The number who actually took part.
- Started
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Sep 2025
- Finished
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Oct 2025
- Lead sponsor
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Other sponsor
The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.
Who can take part
This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.
- Ages
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18 years and older
- Sex
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Male participants only
- Healthy volunteers
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Accepted
You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.
Show the full entry requirements Hide the full entry requirements
Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.
Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 years or older * University volleyball player enrolled in the participating programme in Medellín, Colombia * Regular participation in team training (at least two organised sessions per week before study enrolment) * Medically cleared and physically able to take part in full volleyball training and match play * Availability to attend the majority of scheduled intervention and assessment sessions over the ≈ 4-week study period * Provision of written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Current musculoskeletal injury or medical condition that limits safe participation in volleyball training or matches * Any medical contraindication to high-intensity intermittent exercise as reported by the participant or team medical staff * Planned absence that would prevent attendance at baseline or post-intervention assessments or more than 20% of training sessions * Concurrent participation in another structured intervention specifically targeting tactical decision-making or psychological skills in volleyball * Withdrawal of consent at any point before completion of post-intervention assessments
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As listed by the trial registrant
The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.
Contacts and locations
Locations
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Universidad de San Buenaventura - Cartagena
Cartagena, Colombia
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