Shocking new hope: brain zaps and tablet games may rewire stroke-damaged arms

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: For Stroke Participants: * Age ≥ 18 years * First-ever ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke * Time since stroke ≥ 6 months * Unilateral upper limb hemiparesis * Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) score between 29 and 57 * Modified Ashworth Scale score \< 2 at elbow, wrist, or finger flexors * Manual muscle testing ≥ 3/5 in proximal upper limb muscles (deltoid, biceps, triceps, wrist pronators/supinators) * Ability to understand and follow study procedures * Provided written informed consent For Healthy Participants: * Age ≥ 18 years * No history of neurological disease * Ability to understand and follow study procedures * Provided written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: For Stroke Participants: * Second stroke occurring during the study period * Botulinum toxin injection within 3 months prior to study start * History of one or more epileptic seizures * Metallic object near the stimulation site * Implanted electronic or metallic devices (e.g., pacemaker, neurostimulator) incompatible with TMS * Severe comorbid conditions affecting the upper limb (traumatic, rheumatologic, osteoarticular, or neurodegenerative disorders) * Pregnancy * Delirium or impaired vigilance * Inability to participate in one-hour treatment sessions * Inability to comply with study procedures (e.g., language barrier, psychological disorder, dementia) * Current or past substance abuse, including excessive alcohol consumption * Participation in another interventional clinical trial within 30 days prior to enrollment For Healthy Participants: * Severe musculoskeletal or neurological condition affecting the non-dominant upper limb * Pregnancy * Delirium or impaired vigilance * Inability to participate in one-hour treatment sessions * Inability to comply with study procedures * Current or past substance abuse, including excessive alcohol consumption * Participation in another interventional clinical trial within 30 days prior to enrollment