Brain zaps and Self-Taught moves: a new way to learn?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Healthy adults aged 18-35 years 2. Right-handed (per Edinburgh Handedness Inventory) 3. Normal or corrected-to-normal vision and hearing 4. Eligible for non-invasive brain stimulation per safety screening (no contraindications to TMS) 5. Able to understand study procedures and provide written informed consent in Chinese 6. Willing to comply with all study visits and tasks, including TBS/rTMS and motor practice 7. For yoked pairing: able to be matched to a counterpart participant for practice parameters Exclusion Criteria: 1. History of epilepsy, seizures, or unexplained fainting; family history of epilepsy in first-degree relatives 2. Any intracranial metal or implanted medical devices (e.g., cochlear implant, deep brain stimulator, aneurysm clips); non-removable metallic objects in head/neck 3. Cardiac pacemaker or other implanted electronic devices 4. Current or past major neurological or psychiatric disorders (e.g., stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) 5. Current use of medications lowering seizure threshold or affecting cortical excitability (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, bupropion, clozapine, lithium, stimulant or sedative-hypnotic abuse); or unstable psychotropic regimens 6. Active migraine with aura or chronic severe headaches 7. Pregnancy or planning pregnancy during participation; breastfeeding (if your site policy excludes) 8. Substance or alcohol use disorder within the past 12 months; positive alcohol/drug screen on visit days 9. Sleep deprivation (\<5 hours) on the day before stimulation, or excessive caffeine (\>400 mg) within 6 hours pre-stimulation 10. Dermatologic conditions or open wounds at stimulation or EMG/electrode sites 11. Prior extensive training on the specific motor task used in this study (risk of ceiling effects) 12. Concurrent participation in another interventional study or received brain stimulation (TMS/tDCS) within the past 3 months 13. Any condition that, in the investigator's judgment, makes participation unsafe or data unreliable