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Eye-Opening study: pupil size may reveal pain levels

NCT ID NCT02628314

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: Wake Forest University Health Sciences Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early This study
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jul 31, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

This study tested whether changes in pupil size can reliably measure pain. Twenty adults with hip or knee arthritis received brief heat pulses while researchers recorded their pupil responses and pain ratings. The goal was to see if pupil diameter could serve as an objective pain indicator.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

What this could lead to
If successful, this could lead to a simple, objective way to measure pain using pupil response.
What could go wrong
This is a small, early-stage study with only 20 participants. It only tests reliability, not a treatment, so results may not lead to a practical tool.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Participants

20 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Aug 2015

Finished

Jun 2025

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Who is studied

Individuals with athritis in the knee or hip with moderate average daily pain score

Ages

18 to 70 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult (18-70) * Pain from hip or knee arthritis of moderate intensity * American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1-3 Exclusion Criteria: * Inability to complete study questionnaires * Pregnancy * Litigation or workers compensation related to hip or knee pain * Taking \> 50 mg morphine equivalents/day * History of Raynaud's disease of the feet * Psychotic disorder or a recent psychiatric hospitalization * History of eye surgery or topical eye medications that would would directly affect pupil diameter

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

osteoarthritis Pain

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Osteoarthritis Pain

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center

    Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, United States

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.