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Scientists uncover how PML virus hides from immune system

NCT ID NCT04453917

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: University Hospital, Toulouse Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This study looked at 22 people with PML, a rare brain infection caused by the JC virus in those with weakened immune systems. Researchers collected blood, urine, and spinal fluid samples over six months to measure immune checkpoint molecules and antiviral responses. The goal was to see if these molecules help the virus evade the immune system, which could lead to new treatment strategies.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

What this could lead to
If successful, this research could point toward new treatments for PML by using immune checkpoint blockers to restore antiviral immunity.
What could go wrong
This is a small, observational study with only 22 participants, so results may not apply to all PML patients. It is early-stage research, not a treatment trial.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Not a phased trial

Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.

Participants

22 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Feb 2021

Finished

Jul 2024

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

18 years and older

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults ≥18 years old * Informed consent * Active virological PML : Recent neurological symptoms (\< 3 months) with brain MRI lesions suggestive of PML and positive PCR in cerebrospinal fluid for JCV * Affiliated or benefiting from public health insurance. Exclusion Criteria: * Non active PML * Possible PML with negative JCV PCR * Adults under guardianship or other legal protection, deprived of their liberty by judicial or administrative decision * Pregnant and/or breastfeeding women

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • CHU Bordeaux

    Bordeaux, France

  • CHU Montpellier

    Montpellier, France

  • CHU de TOULOUSE

    Toulouse, 31000, France

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