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Could immune checkpoint drugs tame a deadly brain virus?

NCT ID NCT07512518

Disease control Sponsor: Peking Union Medical College Hospital Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now This study
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 26, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

This study is testing whether immune checkpoint inhibitors, drugs that help the immune system fight infections, can improve outcomes for people with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare brain virus. Researchers will follow 66 patients over a year, measuring disability, brain scans, and viral levels. The goal is to see if these drugs can control the infection and reduce long-term damage.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (drugs that boost the immune system to fight viruses)
What this could lead to
If successful, this could point toward a new treatment for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare and often fatal brain infection.
What could go wrong
This is a small, early-stage study with only 66 participants, so results may not apply to everyone. Immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause side effects like inflammation or autoimmune reactions.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Participants

About 66 people

The number the study aims to enrol. It can still change while the study runs.

Started

Feb 2023

Expected to finish

Oct 2030

An estimate. End dates often move.

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Who is studied

The study subjects are patients with chronic viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS), predominantly Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML).Patients are enrolled consecutively through the neurology encephalitis outpatient department, emergency department, inpatient department, and neurology consultation services.

Ages

14 years and older

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age \> 14 years old. 2. Confirmed diagnosis of chronic viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS). 3. Signed informed consent. The diagnosis of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) shall meet one of the following criteria:(1) Neuropathological diagnosis: Pathological examination of brain tissue shows demyelination, bizarre astrocytes, and enlarged oligodendroglial nuclei; immunohistochemical detection of JC virus (JCV) antigen.(2) Clinical + imaging + cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnosis: Clinical manifestations of progressive neurological dysfunction; neuroimaging shows single or multiple asymmetric white matter lesions with large volume, mostly involving the U-fibers, and rare mass effect; detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid. Specific reference shall be made to the 2013 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) diagnostic criteria. For the diagnosis of other chronic viral infections of the central nervous system, the clinical manifestations shall be consistent with the characteristics of the relevant diseases, and the relevant viral DNA shall be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. The diagnosis of all cases must be independently confirmed by two physicians from the Encephalitis Professional Group, Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, with consistent diagnostic results, to be included in the study. For cases with inconsistent diagnoses, the two physicians shall conduct consultations to reach a consensus. Patients with unreached diagnostic consensus shall not be included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Presence of lumbar puncture contraindications, making it impossible to collect cerebrospinal fluid. 2. The attending physician and the researcher consider that the detection of virus in cerebrospinal fluid cannot explain the patient's clinical manifestations. 3. Inability to complete 1-year follow-up.

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy viral infection of central nervous system

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

How to take part

Only the study team decides who joins. These are the ways to reach them.

  1. The places running it

    1 site. The list below names each one and where it is.

  2. The official record

    ClinicalTrials.gov lists the study team's own contact details, including names and phone numbers. We don't republish those.

    Open the record ↗

  3. A doctor treating you

    A doctor who knows your case can contact a study site on your behalf, and can tell you whether this study is worth pursuing at all.

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Peking Union Medical College Hospital

    RECRUITING

    Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.