Can immune checkpoint drugs fight cancers beyond their approved uses?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥18 years. * Zubrod Performance Status 0-2. * Patients must have a documented malignancy where an off-label ICI is being considered by a physician. * Patients must have adequate organ function as specified below: * Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) ≥1,000/mcL * Platelets ≥75,000/mcL * Total Bilirubin ≤2.0 × upper limit of normal (ULN), unless the patient has changes consistent with Gilbert's Syndrome. * Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) ≤3.0 × ULN * Serum Creatinine ≤2.0 × ULN or CrCl ≥50 mL/min as calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation. * 5\. Females of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test and must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) from the time of informed consent, for the duration of study participation, and for 6 months following completion of therapy. Should a female patient become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. Men treated or enrolled on this protocol must also agree to use adequate contraception from the time of informed consent, for the duration of study participation, and 6 months after completion of administration. NOTE: A female of child-bearing potential is any woman (regardless of sexual orientation, having undergone a tubal ligation, or remaining celibate by choice) who meets the following criteria: * Has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy * Has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months (and therefore has not been naturally postmenopausal for \> 12 months) * Ability to understand a written informed consent document and the willingness to sign it. * Physician has verified coverage of the cost of the drug(s) via insurance, specialty pharmacy, patient assistance programs, or other means, as documented by physician/mid-level or nursing notes, pharmacist notes, or MCW/FH insurance approval. Exclusion Criteria: * Uncontrolled illness, including symptomatic congestive heart failure (NYHA III/IV), unstable angina, or cardiac procedure within 2 weeks of start of ICI. * Concurrent therapy: use of other investigational (no FDA approval for any indication) anti-cancer agents within 14 days of registration. * Although other therapy is allowed together with the off-label ICI use as outlined in the protocol, before starting the study ICI off-label drug, the patient must be off other anti-cancer therapies for at least 2 weeks or 5 half-lives, whichever is shorter. * Major surgery (as defined by the treating medical oncologist) within two weeks of the start date of immunotherapy. * Other: pregnancy or lactation.