New brain scans may reveal why nerves die in MS

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria for MS: 1. RR-MS patients with a disease duration of less than 10 years: * 18-55 years * clinically defined RR-MS according to the 2017 revised McDonald's criteria (MS diagnostic criteria 2017) * disease duration \<10 years * ability to understand the research objectives and the procedure details, and to sign the informed consent * affiliation with the French National Health Insurance, Universal Medical Coverage (CMU) or any equivalent 2. Patients with progressive MS (primary or secondary) of less than 10 years: * 18-55 years * clinically defined progressive MS according to the 2017 revised McDonald's criteria * disease duration \<10 years from the beginning of the progressive phase * ability to understand the research objectives and the procedure details, and to sign the informed consent * affiliation with the French National Health Insurance, Universal Medical Coverage (CMU) or any equivalent Inclusion Criteria for healthy controls: * 18-55 years (matched with patients) * no known general pathologies * ability to understand the research objectives and the procedure details, and to sign the informed consent * affiliation with the French National Health Insurance, Universal Medical Coverage (CMU) or any equivalent Exclusion Criteria for MS: * Pregnant or breastfeeding women * Last infusion of cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone or methylprednisolone realized less than 1 month before inclusion * last clinical relapse less than one month before inclusion * severe cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, hematologic renal, gastrointestinal disease, or cancer * contraindications to MRI: claustrophobia, pace-maker implant, any surgical ferromagnetic clips, ocular implants, any intraocular or intracranial metallic fragments, any metallic objects able to concentrate the radiofrequency field, cochlear implants, cardiac or brain stimulators, any tattoos or permanent makeup on the face, renal failure (exclusion criterion for gadolinium injection) patients not willing to be informed of any possible cerebral malformations incidentally discovered at the MRI exam * severe renal failure (clearance of creatinine \< 30ml/min) * history of allergic reactions to gadolinium salts * any other chronic neurological disorders associated * persons deprived of liberty by law or by administrative decision * Persons under legal protection Exclusion Criteria for healthy controls: * Pregnant or breastfeeding women * severe cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, hematologic renal, gastrointestinal disease, or cancer * contraindications to MRI : claustrophobia, pace-maker implant, any surgical magnetic clips, ocular implants, any intraocular or intracranial metallic fragments, any metallic objects able to concentrate the radiofrequency field, cochlear implants, cardiac or brain stimulators, any tattoos or permanent makeup on the face * person not willing to be informed of any possible cerebral malformations incidentally discovered at the MRI exam * associated chronic neurological disorders * persons deprived of liberty by law or by administrative decision * Persons under legal protection