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Nuts vs. pretzels: which snack keeps you fuller longer?

NCT ID NCT03375866

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: San Diego State University Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now This study
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This study compares eating 240 calories of mixed nuts versus pretzels every day for 16 weeks in 56 adults with overweight or obesity. Researchers will measure changes in hunger, blood sugar, insulin, cholesterol, and gut bacteria to understand how nuts affect appetite and weight. The goal is to find out if nuts can help people feel fuller and manage their weight more effectively.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
mixed nuts (almonds, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, walnuts, and peanuts)
What this could lead to
If this trial succeeds, it could show that eating a daily portion of mixed nuts helps control appetite and manage weight without strict dieting.
What could go wrong
This is a small, early-stage study with only 56 participants, so results may not apply to everyone. The effects on weight and appetite may be modest or not last long-term.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Not a phased trial

Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.

Participants

About 56 people

The number the study aims to enrol. It can still change while the study runs.

Started

Dec 2016

Expected to finish

Dec 2028

An estimate. End dates often move.

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

18 to 55 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * 18-55 years old * BMI 27-40 Exclusion Criteria: * Smoker * Pregnant woman * Required dietary supplement use * Required medication of metabolic disorders * Allergy to nuts or gluten

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As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Satiety

How to take part

Only the study team decides who joins. These are the ways to reach them.

  1. The places running it

    1 site. The list below names each one and where it is.

  2. The official record

    ClinicalTrials.gov lists the study team's own contact details, including names and phone numbers. We don't republish those.

    Open the record ↗

  3. A doctor treating you

    A doctor who knows your case can contact a study site on your behalf, and can tell you whether this study is worth pursuing at all.

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, SDSU

    RECRUITING

    San Diego, California, 92182-7251, United States

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