Personalized pain therapy: One-Size-Fits-All may be over

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * ≥ 18 years old. * Having chronic pain, operationalized as average pain intensity in the last week rated as ≥ 3 on a 0-10 Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and having pain on most days for 3 months or more. * Able to read, speak, and understand English. * Willingness to be randomized to condition and use videoconferencing with audio and video enabled. * Access to a private place with adequate internet reception to support participation in videoconferencing treatment sessions. * Not currently participating in another clinical trial or interventional study for chronic pain and willing to refrain from participation in any other clinical trial or interventional study for chronic pain during active participation in this study. * Willing, able, and committed to participate in an in-person EEG assessment. * Able to use a smart phone, tablet, or computer independently to access email and webpages or have someone available in their home who can help them with initial session set-up and then leave for the treatment sessions. Exclusion Criteria: The exclusion criteria for Veteran participants will be assessed via self-report and verified by VA medical records chart review. Eligibility for non-Veteran participants will be assessed by self-report (no medical records chart review). An individual who meets any of the following criteria at the time of screening will be excluded from participation in this study and will not be enrolled: * Active suicidal ideation/intent indicating significant risk. * Unstable medical or psychiatric condition (e.g., mania, psychotic symptoms) that would interfere with study participation. * Behavioral issues noted in the record or observed during the screening process that would interfere with appropriate or safe videoconferencing treatment session participation or study procedures. * Alcohol abuse (operationalized as scoring 15 or more if male or 13 or more if female on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), or any illicit drugs, all of which may impact EEG measures. * Severe cognitive impairment defined as two or more errors on the Six-Item Screener. * Having an EEG confounder (e.g., congenital or acquired skull defects, missing sections or holes in the skull, or plates, screws, or other implants within the skull or brain) that would interfere with reliable EEG data collection. * Active cancer treatment or primary pain is due to cancer.