Low-Carb diet shows promise for blood sugar control in obesity

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: Group A: HEALTHY LEAN CONTROLS * Healthy normal weight subjects with a body-mass index of 19.0-24.9kg/m2, HbA1C \<5.7% and fasting glucose \<5.6 mmol/l * Normal eating habits * Stable body weight for at least three months * Informed Consent as documented by signature Group B: PRE-DIABETIC or DIABETIC OBESE * Pre-diabetic/Diabetic obese with a HbA1C \>5.7% and/or fasting glucose \>5.6 mmol/l) and body-mass index \> 30kg/m2, otherwise healthy * Normal eating habits * Stable body weight for at least three months * Informed Consent as documented by signature Exclusion Criteria: Group A: HEALTHY LEAN CONTROLS * Pre-existing low carb diet (less than 45% of daily energy intake by carbohydrates) * Pre-existing diet (vegetarian, vegan, gluten-free etc.) * Psychiatric illness * Alcohol abuse, (smoking allowed) * Regular intake of medications, (oral contraceptives allowed) * Intake of antibiotics within the last 3 months before inclusion * Regular intake of pro- or prebiotics * Chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, history of gastrointestinal surgery with major changes to the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. bariatric surgery) * Clinically relevant acute or chronic inflammatory disease * Pregnancy * Participation in another study with investigational drug within the 30 days preceding and during the present study. Group B: PRE-DIABETIC or DIABETIC OBESE * Pre-existing low carb diet (less than 45% of daily energy intake by carbohydrates) * Pre-existing diet (vegetarian, vegan, gluten-free etc.) * Psychiatric illness * Alcohol abuse, (smoking allowed) * Regular intake of medications (except: oral contraceptives, metformin, SGLT-2, statins, and antihypertensive, which are allowed) * Intake of antibiotics within the last 3 months before inclusion * Regular intake of pro- or prebiotics * Chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, history of gastrointestinal surgery with major changes to the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. bariatric surgery) * Clinically relevant acute or chronic inflammatory disease * Pregnancy * Participation in another study with investigational drug within the 30 days preceding and during the present study.