Could a daily glass of kefir during pregnancy ward off gestational diabetes?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Pregnant individual with a singleton pregnancy * 19 years and older of age * Gestational age 14,3 weeks or less at enrolment * Able and willing to attend four in-person study visits at the PEADS Laboratory: baseline, 18-20 weeks' gestation, 26-28 weeks' gestation, and 1 month postpartum * Willing and able to comply with study group assignment, including daily consumption of 250 mL of kefir if assigned to the intervention group * Willing to avoid kefir consumption until completion of the 26-28-week study visit if assigned to the control group * Willing to provide required biological and clinical samples, including stool samples and glucose/insulin data, according to the study protocol * No probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, or antibiotic use during the first trimester or at enrollment * Not currently consuming probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, or antiobiotic supplements * Willing to avoid probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplements until completion of the 26-28-week study visit. * Does not engage in regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity * No recent or active infectious illness or significant gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea or constipation in the first trimester of pregnancy. * No history of bariatric surgery * Able to communicate in English or French * Currently living in Fredericton, New Brunswick, and not planning to relocate before the 1-month postpartum visit Exclusion Criteria: * Pre-existing metabolic disease affecting glucose regulation, including type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes * Current use or first trimester use of medications known to alter glucose metabolism, such as metformin or semaglutide * Gastrointestinal or inflammatory disease, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, or diagnosed irritable bowel syndrome * Allergy, intolerance, or other contraindication to dairy or components of kefir