3D-Printed dental guide aims to boost precision in Root-End surgery

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patient is aged 16 years or older. 2. Patient possesses a healthy or stable systemic physical status classification (ASA I or II). 3. Presence of at least one permanent tooth displaying a distinct clinical indication for apical endodontic surgery. 4. The estimated post-resection crown-to-root ratio of the target tooth remains \<= 1. 5. The periapical radiolucency features a well-defined maximum radiographic dimension of \>= 5 mm on CBCT. 6. The target tooth has no history of previous surgical root-end resection procedures. 7. The lesion does not directly involve or impinge upon hazardous adjacent anatomical structures (e.g., the inferior alveolar nerve canal, the maxillary sinus floor, or the mental foramen). 8. The presence of at least three stable, non-mobile permanent teeth within the same dental arch to serve as reliable anchor units to support the surgical template. 9. Patient is fully capable and willing to provide signed written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Women who are currently pregnant or breastfeeding. 2. History of known allergy or systemic hypersensitivity to amide local anesthetics, epinephrine co-agents, or any structural resins and bioceramic materials utilized in this protocol. 3. Extensive metal restorations, crowns, or massive fixed partial dentures adjacent to the target site that generate severe radiographic scattering artifacts, compromising CBCT measurement quality. 4. Target tooth displays clinical evidence of a vertical root fracture, non-restorable structural crown destruction, or advanced localized periodontitis. 5. Massive periapical pathology requiring a root-end resection length exceeding 3 mm, or necessitating excessive mechanical field widening beyond the template boundaries to achieve surgical curettage. 6. Inadequate stability, rocking, or poor fit of the printed surgical guide during the intraoral verification phase. 7. Patient demonstrates non-compliance or is unable to return for scheduled longitudinal follow-ups and imaging appointments.