Brain zaps reveal how BDD patients see faces differently

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: Body dysmorphic disorder: Inclusion: * males or females * ages 18-40 * meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) criteria for Body Dysmorphic Disorder * have a Body Dysmorphic Disorder version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale (BDD-YBOCS) score of ≥20 * primary appearance concerns of the face or head area * medication naïve or medication free for at least 8 weeks prior to enrollment Subclinical body dysmorphic disorder: * males or females * ages 18-40 * have a score on the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire of ≥8 (1 standard deviation \[STD\] above population norms) * primary appearance concerns of the face or head area * medication naïve or medication free for at least 8 weeks prior to enrollment Exclusion Criteria: Body dysmorphic disorder: * concurrent major Axis I disorders including substance use disorders, aside from anxiety disorders or depressive disorders as these comorbidities are very common and the sample would otherwise be non-representative; however, BDD must be the primary diagnosis. * lifetime: bipolar disorder or psychotic disorder * psychotropic medications, aside from a short half-life sedative/hypnotic for insomnia, or a short half-life benzodiazepine as needed for anxiety but not exceeding a frequency of 3 doses in one week and not to be taken on the days of the training or MRI scan * current cognitive-behavioral therapy Subclinical body dysmorphic disorder: Exclusion: * meet full DSM-5 criteria for body dysmorphic disorder * current Axis I disorders including substance use disorders * lifetime: bipolar disorder or psychotic disorder * psychotropic medications, aside from a short half-life sedative/hypnotic for insomnia, or a short half-life benzodiazepine as needed for anxiety but not exceeding a frequency of 3 doses in one week and not to be taken on the days of the training or MRI scan * current cognitive-behavioral therapy Exclusion criteria for all participants: * Neurological disorder * Pregnancy * Current major medical disorders that may affect cerebral metabolism such as diabetes or thyroid disorders * Current risk of suicide with a plan and intent * Ferromagnetic metal implantations or devices (electronic implants or devices, infusion pumps, aneurysm clips, metal fragments or foreign bodies, metal prostheses, joints, rods or plates) * Visual acuity worse than 20/35 for each eye as determined by Snellen close vision acuity chart (vision will be tested with corrective lenses if participant uses them).