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Diabetes drug semaglutide may lower dementia risk, huge study suggests

NCT ID NCT05768945

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: Brigham and Women's Hospital Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 26, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 1 time

Summary

This completed study looked at medical records from over 740,000 older adults with diabetes to see if those taking semaglutide had a lower risk of developing dementia compared to those on other diabetes drugs (DPP4 inhibitors). The goal was to find out if semaglutide might help protect the brain. Because this is an analysis of existing data, it can suggest a link but cannot prove that semaglutide directly prevents dementia.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
semaglutide
What this could lead to
If semaglutide is linked to lower dementia risk, this could point toward repurposing it to prevent Alzheimer's in people with diabetes.
What could go wrong
This is an observational analysis, not a controlled trial. It can show links but not prove cause and effect. Results may not apply to people without diabetes.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Participants

742,670 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Nov 2022

Finished

Dec 2023

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Who is studied

This study will employ a new user, active comparator, observational cohort study design comparing semaglutide v DPP4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin). The patients will be required to have continuous enrollment during the baseline period of 365 days before initiation of study drugs (index date). Follow-up for the outcome (dementia) differs between analyses. Follow-up begins the day after drug initiation (analysis 1, 3, 4); 180 days after drug initiation (analysis 2).

Ages

65 years and older

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Please see https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1VRjPaaelXFyBbA5gV6pwB\_ijSIMyIJ4N?usp=share\_link or Appendix A(https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1OgKQlxsJi9UWRDd3Kbaux\_8adngoSnZY?usp=sharing) for full code and algorithm definitions. Medicare timeframe: 2008 to 2019 (end of data availability). Inclusion Criteria: * 1\. Aged \>/= 65 years on the index date * 2\. Enrollment in Medicare Part A, B, and D with no HMO coverage for 365 days prior to and including cohort entry date * 3\. Diagnosis code for type 2 diabetes measured 365 days prior to drug initiation Exclusion Criteria: * 1\. Prior history of dementia measured anytime prior to cohort entry date * 2\. Prior history of nursing home admission in the 365 days prior to the cohort entry date * 3\. Prior use of any GLP receptor agonists (semaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, lixisenatide) or DPP4 inhibitors * 4\. Prior use of Semaglutide or DPP4 inhibitors concomitantly on index date

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

diabetes mellitus type 2 diabetes mellitus

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Diabetes

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Brigham and Women's Hospital

    Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.