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Protein timing may curb snack cravings, study suggests

NCT ID NCT02795442

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

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Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This study looked at whether eating protein at different times of day changes how the body uses energy and affects cravings for snacks. 53 adults with obesity participated. Researchers compared a high-protein breakfast to a low-protein breakfast to see if it reduced the desire for high-calorie snacks.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Not a phased trial

Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.

Participants

53 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Jun 2016

Finished

Feb 2024

Lead sponsor

A government agency

The lead sponsor is a US federal agency other than the NIH.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

20 to 60 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * BMI \< 25 kg/m2 * BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 but \< 34.5 kg/m2 * able to understand and sign the informed consent * able to provide own transportation to the Center * free of any major illness/disease * usual protein intake within the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (10 to 30%) * constant habitual activity patterns within the last 3 months * females of childbearing age must be on birth control for a minimum of 3 months prior to study start and have regular menstrual cycles Exclusion Criteria: * unable or unwilling to consume animal products * have had more than a 10% change in body weight within the past 2 months * are participating in a weight loss diet/exercise program * are consuming a specialized diet * currently or planning on becoming pregnant during the study timeline * lactating * have a metabolic illness/disease * have uncontrolled hypertension * have ever had cancer * have an infectious disease * suffer from alcohol or drug abuse * use tobacco and e-cigarette products on a regular basis * have the presence of acute illness * taking medications known to affect energy expenditure and appetite

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

Obesity obesity disorder

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Obesity

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center

    Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58203, United States

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.