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Scientists probe COVID-19's attack on immune cells

NCT ID NCT04401436

Knowledge-focused Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Sep 11, 2026 · Updated 2 times

Summary

This study looked at how the virus that causes COVID-19 reduces the number of infection-fighting white blood cells (lymphocytes) in the blood. Researchers collected blood samples and medical records from 240 adults with or recovering from COVID-19. The goal was to learn more about the body's immune response and find clues for future treatments.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Participants

240 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

May 2020

Finished

Feb 2025

Lead sponsor

A government research agency

The lead sponsor is the US National Institutes of Health.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Who is studied

COVID 19 positive and recovered patients from inpatient settings at the NIH CC and Georgetown University Medical Center, and the local community for COVID 19 recovered patients.

Ages

18 to 99 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

* INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Aged \>=18 years. 2. Diagnosis of COVID-19 via molecular assay or other commercial or public health assay. 3. Meets one of the following criteria for COVID-19: 1. Group A, mild clinical presentation: asymptomatic to oxygen requirements \<-4L nasal cannula (NC). 2. Group B, moderate clinical presentation: oxygen requirements \>4L NC to \<=50% fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) on high-flow oxygen devices. 3. Group C, severe clinical presentation: non-invasive ventilation with oxygen requirements \>50% FiO2 on high-flow oxygen devices, any other modality of non-invasive ventilation, or mechanical ventilation. 4. Group D, recovered: meets CDC criteria for discontinuation of transmission-based precautions and disposition of patients with COVID-19 in healthcare settings. Enrollment will occur at least 30 days after the above criteria were met. 4. Able to provide informed consent. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Individuals meeting any of the following criteria will be excluded from study participation: 1. Documented history of hemoglobin from most recent blood draw \<7g/dL if known. 2. Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, contraindicates participation in this study.

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

COVID-19 lymphopenia vascular hemostatic disease

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Coronavirus disease 2019

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • MedStar Georgetown University Hospital

    Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20007, United States

  • MedStar Health Research Institute: Washington Hospital Medical Center

    Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20010, United States

  • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

    Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.