Healing protein injection could ease back pain without surgery

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria 1. Persistent low back pain, with at least 3 months of non-surgical therapy, at one symptomatic disc or two symptomatic lumbar disc levels (from L2 to S1). 2. MRI scans show Pfirrmann disc degeneration grade 2 to 4 or High Intensity Zone (HIZ) signal change with or without Modic endplate changes. 3. Symptoms are a fair bit or a lot bothersome, which require medication or other types of treatments or very disrupting (in response to question\*). 4. Preoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score greater than or equal to 30% 5. Visual Analog Score for back pain ≥40 mm. 6. Any gender, 18 years of age or older 7. Clinician diagnosed discogenic pain 8. A signed HREC-approved Informed Consent Form 9. Able to meet the protocol follow-up schedule and activities 10. Females of childbearing potential must have a negative urine/serum pregnancy test at screening (Baseline Visit) and on the day of administration prior to injection \*Question defined in full protocol Exclusion Criteria 1. People unable to have an MRI 2. Abnormal neurological exam at baseline (e.g., chronic radiculopathy) 3. Active radicular pain due to anatomical compression such as stenosis or disc herniation 4. Symptomatic facet joints and/or severe facet degeneration at the index level or adjacent segments 5. Symptomatic Sacro-iliac joint 6. MRI findings demonstrate any of the following: Suspected disc appears normal or \>50% decrease in disc height or Presence of symptomatic osteophytes 7. Any prior lumbar spinal surgeries at suspected symptomatic level; prior surgery at the adjacent levels is acceptable including fusion or arthroplasty, provided the said adjacent level is not independently symptomatic. 8. Presence of spondylolisthesis (anterolisthesis, retrolisthesis is acceptable) 9. Symptomatic disc degeneration at more than 2 lumbar levels (multi-level disc degeneration based on MRI findings is acceptable with up to two symptomatic level. Only the symptomatic levels will be treated) 10. Evidence of active infection 11. Immunosuppressive therapy within 3 months prior to investigational product administration 12. Either continuous or cumulative use of more than 2 months use in the past 6 months of an oral or systemic steroid. Inhaled steroids are acceptable 13. Tumor in the spine 14. People with any current and previous cancer. An exemption to this is previous BCCs which have been successfully removed. 15. Non-contained herniated nucleus pulposus 16. Any prior intradiscal therapies (chemonucleolysis, IDET, intradiscal steroid injection) at the same level being treated, other than rhGDF-6. 17. Any non-intradiscal steroid injection less than 2 months prior to administration. Does not include isolated joint injections outside the lumbar region. 18. Nerve block injection less than 2 months prior to injection of study medication. 19. Known autoimmune disease 20. Type 1 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type II, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is allowed) 21. Pregnant or lactating, or wishes to become pregnant within the first 12 months of the study 22. Involved in pending litigation of the spine (including workers compensation cases) 23. Demonstrates signs of non-organic pain (e.g., Waddell's Signs) 24. Based on clinical history, physical examination and participant presentation, participant has, or is suspected to have, a history of alcohol and/or drug abuse that would preclude participants from providing adequate consent and/or complying with study requirements 25. Prisoner 26. Morbid Obesity, defined as Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥40 27. Life expectancy less than 2 years 28. Any significant psychological disturbance past or present, that could impair the consent process or ability to complete participant self-report questionnaires 29. Any reason not cited above that, in the opinion of the Principal Investigator, would pose a risk to either the participant or to the integrity of the clinical trial