Liver cirrhosis patients: new drug may cut rebleeding risk

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosed with cirrhosis (based on previous liver biopsy or typical clinical features) with a history of variceal bleeding, and the most recent bleeding occurred 6-30 days before enrollment * Aged 18-75 years (based on ID card age on the enrollment date) * Voluntarily signs the informed consent form and can cooperate with full-course follow-up and related examinations Exclusion Criteria: * Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (eg:Budd-Chiari syndrome, extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, idiopathic portal hypertension) * Contraindications to non-selective beta-blockers (NSBBs) (eg:asthma, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease) * Malignant tumors (including hepatocellular carcinoma) or other life-shortening diseases (expected survival\<1 year), including severe cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (eg:severe heart failure, bedridden status after cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage), end-stage renal disease (requiring dialysis), severe pulmonary diseases (eg:acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis)etc * Previous shunt or devascularization surgery, oral NSBBs, and/or endoscopic treatment for preventing recurrent variceal bleeding * Pregnant or lactating women (female subjects must undergo a pregnancy test before enrollment; positive cases are excluded; lactating women can only enroll after stopping breastfeeding) * Allergies to carvedilol, propranolol, or endoscopic treatment-related drugs (eg:local anesthetics, tissue adhesives) * Severe hepatic and renal insufficiency: Child-Pugh class C with a score \> 12, or MELD score \> 30; serum creatinine \> 221 μmol/L (2.5 mg/dl) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 30 ml/(min·1.73m²) * Severe coagulation disorders: prothrombin time (PT) prolonged by \> 10 seconds, or international normalized ratio (INR) \> 2.5 without effective correction measures