Brain zapping study halted early: could it have helped heavy drinkers think more flexibly?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * • 22-50 years old * Have a high school diploma or equivalent * Medically healthy * Fluent in English For RISK group only: * High risk alcohol use in the past month \[World Health Organization (WHO ) risk level 2-4\] * No history of adolescent binge drinking For RISK+ Adolescent binge alcohol (AIE) group only: * High risk alcohol use in the past month (WHO risk level 2-4) * High levels of adolescent alcohol use (4 or more binge drinking episodes before age 18) For Control (CON) group only: * Low risk alcohol use throughout the lifetime (WHO risk level 0-1) * No history of adolescent binge drinking * No lifetime history of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Exclusion Criteria: * Any individual who meets one or more of the following criteria will be excluded from participation \[excluding positive breath alcohol concentration (BAC), urine drug screen, psychiatric diagnoses, and color blindness, all will be self-reported\]: * Lifetime history of a substance use disorder (SUD; including nicotine) but participants will not be excluded for an AUD. * Neurological disease such as dementia, seizures or head trauma * History of psychosis or psychotic episodes * Diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) * Any systemic or inflammatory disease that could affect cognitive functioning (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disease) * Any motor or visual disturbances that could hinder task performance (e.g., color blindness) * Use of psychoactive recreational drugs in the past month (excluding caffeine and alcohol) * Use of psychotropic medications in the past month including antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, stimulants, or hypnotics (excluding antidepressant use when dosage has been stable for 1 month or longer) * Use of therapeutic brain stimulation \[e.g. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)\] in the past month * Any history of brain surgery * History of migraine headaches * Pregnancy * Any brain implants or devices * First degree relative with primary epilepsy * Claustrophobia * Any magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contraindication based on the University of North Carolina Biomedical Research Imaging Center's MRI safety checklist * Breath alcohol above 0.0% at time of session * Positive urine drug screen at time of session If a participant should have an exclusion criterion arise in the course of their participation (e.g. pregnancy or psychotic episode), their participation in the study will end unless the circumstances are transitory in nature (e.g. positive breath alcohol or urine drug screen).