Brain insulin may hold key to schizophrenia's cognitive fog

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: i) Experimental group (participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder): 1. 17-45 years 2. both sexes; 3. Patients with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum illness: Primary DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder NOS, major depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms, bipolar I disorder, and bipolar II disorder, OR substance-induced psychosis, and antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or other specified schizophrenia spectrum, other psychotic disorder, major depressive disorder with psychotic symptoms, bipolar I disorder, and bipolar II. (Diagnosis willbe confirmed via CAMH chart review). 4. BMI under or equal to 27 ii) Control group (healthy controls): 1. 17-45 years of age 2. sex-, 3. hand dominance -and 4. body mass index (BMI)-matched 5. Absence of DSM-5 diagnosis other than a specific phobia according to MINI Exclusion Criteria: 1. moderate or severe substance use according to MINI (per PI discretion in the case of moderate alcohol or cannabis use) 2. prediabetes, diabetes, or evidence of impaired glucose tolerance on screening OGTT 3. acute suicidal risk 4. use of weight, lipid, antidiabetic or blood pressure reducing agents 5. liver or kidney disease 6. pregnancy 7. nursing 8. pacemakers 9. metallic cardiac valves 10. magnetic material such as surgical clips, implanted electronic infusion pumps or any other conditions that would preclude the MRI scan 11. clinically significant claustrophobia (determined from MRI screening form; significance evaluated as per QI's discretion). 12. history of head trauma resulting in loss of consciousness \> 30 minutes that required medical attention; 13. size of head, neck, precluding to fit in the MRI or PET scanners 14. weight over 350lbs (limit for MRI scanner bed) 15. unstable physical illness 16. significant neurological disorder including a seizure disorder; 17. Received maximum allowed radiation in the past 12 months (20 mSv) 18. Completed more than 6 PET scans/ lifetime, that, together with the PET scanning procedures under this protocol will bring the total number of PET scans to more than the allowed/lifetime (8 PET scans per lifetime). These limits are set by the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Brain Health Imaging Centre Guideline. 19. clinically relevant abnormality observed in medical history, 20. current intake of any medication that may interfere with participation in the study or may confound the results of PET imaging (e.g. anti-diabetic medication). 21. Disorders of coagulation, blood or ongoing use of anticoagulant medication Control group: Exclusionary criteria are as listed above for participants, in addition to: 1\) First degree family member with primary psychotic disorder.