New MRI techniques aim to reveal brain secrets of depression and anxiety

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

* INCLUSION CRITERIA: Healthy Controls * Male and female subjects between 18 and 65 years of age * Subjects must be able to give written informed consent prior to participation in this study. * Subjects who do not currently meet and have never met criteria for any major psychiatric disorder, and who have no known first degree relatives with mood disorders. * For cognitive experiments utilizing language stimuli only native English speakers will be enrolled. Major Depressive Disorder * Male and female subjects between 18 and 65 years of age. * Subjects have been found eligible for other ETPB research protocols according to 01-M-0254. * Subjects must fulfill DSM-IV or V criteria for Major Depression based on clinical assessment and confirmed by a structured diagnostic interview (SCID-P). * Subjects must be able to give written informed consent prior to participation in this study. * For cognitive experiments utilizing language stimuli, only native English speakers will be enrolled. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Healthy Control * Subjects with major medical or neurological disorders expected to influence cerebral blood flow or morphology, or taking any medication that is likely to influence the imaging parameters-of-interest within 3 weeks of scanning. * Women who are pregnant are excluded from the study. Subjects will undergo pregnancy testing no more than 24 hours prior to MRI scanning. * Subjects with contraindication to MRI scanning such as aneurysm clips, implanted neural stimulator, implanted cardiac pacemaker or auto-defibrillator, cochlear implant, or ocular foreign body. * A history of drug or alcohol abuse within 1 year or a lifetime history of drug or alcohol dependence (DSM-IV) or alcohol use disorder (DSM-V equivalent). Major Depressive Disorder * Presence of Axis 1 psychiatric diagnosis other than Major Depression or an Axis 2 disorder * Subjects with major medical or neurological disorders expected to influence cognitive function or are taking any drugs likely to affect mood or cognitive function within 1 week of study participation. Depressed subjects will not be tapered/withdrawn from medications under this study. * A history of drug or alcohol abuse within 1 year or a lifetime history of drug or alcohol dependence (DSM-IV) or alcohol use disorder (DSM-V equivalent). * Subjects with major medical or neurological disorders expected to influence cerebral blood flow or morphology. * Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding will be excluded from MRI portions of the study. Subjects will undergo pregnancy testing no more than 24 hours prior to MRI scanning. * Subjects with contraindication to MRI scanning such as aneurysm clips, implanted neural stimulator, implanted cardiac pacemaker or auto-defibrillator, cochlear implant, or ocular foreign body.