Freeze, then boost: novel combo could spare bladders from removal

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 18 and 85 years old, gender not restricted; 2. Clinically diagnosed as patients with bladder tumors, and classified as high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer through biopsy or TURBT staging. \* High-risk non-muscle bladder cancer is defined as meeting any of the following criteria: ① T1 stage tumor; ② High-grade urothelial carcinoma; ③ Simultaneously meeting: multiple, recurrent and diameter \> 3cm bladder cancer; 3. The number of tumors is no more than 5; 4. Have the intention to preserve the bladder; 5. Voluntarily sign the informed consent form and be able to cooperate throughout the trial. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Preoperative imaging indicated involvement of organs around the bladder (such as ureters, prostate, rectum, etc.), the pelvic or abdominal wall, or lymph node metastasis (N1) and distant metastasis (M1) stage; 2. Preoperative imaging indicated hydronephrosis, pathology suggested carcinoma in situ or diagnostic TURBT indicated diffuse tumor growth during the procedure; 3. Known to be allergic to chemotherapy drugs and/or immunotherapy drugs; 4. Complicated with severe infectious diseases such as bacteremia and toxemia; 5. Complicated with severe coagulation dysfunction; 6. Suffering from serious diseases such as heart, brain, lung, liver, kidney, etc., and unable to tolerate surgery; 7. Suffering from other malignant tumors; 8. Pregnant or lactating women; 9. Complicated with severe complications such as urethral stenosis that cannot tolerate cystoscopy surgery; 10. Complicated with prohibited medications, including systemic anti-tumor drugs and immunosuppressants; 11. Participating in other clinical trials simultaneously; 12. Other situations that the investigator considers inappropriate for participating in this clinical trial.