Gene test may help prevent deadly fungal infections in leukemia patients

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Signed Informed Consent according to national/local regulations. 2. Age ≥18 years. 3. Diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) or Myelodysplastic Syndrome in transformation (MDSit) treated with an intensive chemotherapy regimen, including induction / consolidation / salvage remission chemotherapy. 4. Planned hospital admission for the duration of the neutropenic phase (absolute neutrophils count \<500 cells/mm3). Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with neutropenia (absolute neutrophils count\<500 cells/mm3) upon presentation and prior to chemotherapy initiation. 2. Patients with a diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) or AML-M3. 3. Patients with known history of allergy, hypersensitivity or serious reaction to azole antifungals 4. Women who are pregnant (positive blood/urine pregnancy test within 10 days before randomization) or breast-feeding. 5. Diagnosis and treatment for an Invasive Fungal Infection (IFI) within 3 months prior to study enrolment and an Invasive Mold Infection (IMI) at any point prior to or at the time of enrolment. 6. Severe liver dysfunction, defined as at least one of the following markers: Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) or alkaline phosphatase above \>5x upper limit of normality: and/or total bilirubin above \>3x upper limit of normality. 7. Patients with an ECG with a prolonged QTc interval: QTc greater than 450 msec for men and greater than 470 msec for women. 8. Patients who are receiving and cannot discontinue the following drugs at least 24 hours prior to randomization: terfenadine, astemizole, cisapride, pimozide, halofantrine or quinidine (because of the possibility of QT prolongation), sirolimus, rifampin, rifabutin, carbamazepine, long-acting barbiturates (e.g., phenobarbital, mephobarbital), ritonavir, efavirenz, or ergot alkaloids (e.g., ergotamine, dihydroergotamine). 9. Serious uncontrolled concomitant disease or comorbidity that, in the opinion of the investigator, may compromise adherence to the study protocol. 10. Receipt of a prior allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT). 11. Previous exposure to mold-active prophylaxis (\>48 hours within 7 days of inclusion). 12. Patients with relapsed leukemia already included in the trial. 13. Patient not affiliated to the French social security system 14. Patient under legal protection (guardianship, curatorship)