Could bigger almond chunks in chocolate make you feel fuller and eat less?
NCT ID NCT07065461
First seen Sep 21, 2026 · Last updated Sep 21, 2026
Summary
Researchers at the University of Guelph are testing whether the size of almond pieces in a white chocolate snack changes how much effort it takes to chew, how full people feel, and how quickly they eat. The trial also measures blood sugar and blood fat levels after eating. Thirty-six healthy young women attend three sessions, each time eating a different version of the chocolate and then a meal where they can eat as much as they want. The goal is to understand how food texture and chewing behavior relate to appetite and metabolism.
What this could mean
Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.
- Active substance
- white chocolate confection with whole or chopped almonds
- What this could lead to
- If chewing effort changes how full people feel or how their blood sugar and blood fats respond, food makers could design snacks that help with appetite control.
- What could go wrong
- This is a small, short study in healthy young women, so the results may not apply to men, older adults, or people with health conditions. It measures short-term responses, not long-term weight or health effects.
This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.
Study facts
What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.
- Phase
-
Not a phased trial
Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.
- Participants
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36 people
The number who actually took part.
- Started
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Jun 2025
- Finished
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Dec 2025
- Lead sponsor
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Other sponsor
The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.
Who can take part
This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.
- Ages
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18 to 45 years
- Sex
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Female participants only
- Healthy volunteers
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Accepted
You do not need to have the condition being studied to take part.
Show the full entry requirements Hide the full entry requirements
Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.
Inclusion Criteria: * BMI between 18.5-27.9 kg/m\^2 or waist circumference less than 88 cm * No known food allergies or sensitivities * Non-restrained eaters based on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire * No history of gastrointestinal diseases that may interfere with eating behaviour or digestion * Not on medications that affect appetite, digestion, blood sugar regulation, saliva production, or chewing * Stable medication use * Non-smokers * Not gained or lost significant weight during the past 3 months * Regular monthly menstrual cycles * Not pregnant, lactating, or post-menopausal Exclusion Criteria: * Diabetes or other metabolic disorders affecting glycemia and overall cardiometabolic health * Any food allergies, intolerance, or sensitivities * Any life-threatening allergy * Pregnant or breastfeeding * Participation in another clinical trial * Alcohol consumption more than 14 drinks per week * Smokers or those with a smoking history or more than 10 years * Regular use of recreational drugs (e.g., marijuana, ecstasy, magic mushrooms) * Restrained eater as defined by \> 15 on the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire * Unusual sleep patterns * Irregular breakfast consumption * Recent weight changes or intended weight loss or gain or having lost or gained \>10% of body weight within the last 6 months * Using medications known to affect appetite, digestion, blood sugar regulation, lipids, or chewing (excluding oral contraceptives) * Experiences dry mouth, in general or due to medication side effects * Diagnosed with Sjogren's Syndrome (autoimmune condition linked to severe dry mouth) * Inability to adhere to study protocols * Not comfortable providing finger prick blood samples * Avoids consuming almonds or chocolate * Has temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJ) * Has or history or oral cancer * Recent dental or jaw surgery * Avoids eating hard foods for concerns of dental fractures or for general oral health * Individuals with dentures, braces, Invisalign, or other dental implants that cause difficulty chewing
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As listed by the trial registrant
The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.
Contacts and locations
Locations
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Department of Human Health Sciences
Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2G4, Canada
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