Zapping the brain to fight opioid cravings: new study tests TMS

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 18-65 years 2. Diagnosis of OUD according to DSM-5 criteria and confirmed by SCID (First et al. 2015) 3. Meets either of the following criteria: (1) reports opioid craving of 2 or greater on a 0-10 scale, or (2) has returned to opioid use at least once within the past 12 months. 4. Currently Prescribed Buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder 5. Must be able to read, speak and understand English 6. Must be judged by study staff to be capable of completing the study procedures 7. Participants will be in stable outpatient psychiatric treatment and psychiatrically stable. Exclusion Criteria: 1. DSM-5 intellectual disability 2. Substance use disorder (other than opioid, nicotine, or cannabis) within the past three months 3. Current, active suicidal ideation with intent or plan 4. Positive urine drug screen for illicit substance use that can increase seizure risk (cocaine, benzodiazepines, amphetamine, methamphetamine) 5. History of psychosis in the past 3 months or diagnosis of a primary psychotic disorder 6. Any history of a progressive or genetic neurologic disorder (e.g. Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, tuberous sclerosis, Alzheimer's Disease) or acquired neurological disease (e.g. stroke, traumatic brain injury, tumor), including intracranial lesions 7. History of head trauma resulting in any loss of consciousness (\>15 minutes) or neurological sequelae 8. Current history of poorly controlled headaches including chronic medication for migraine prevention 9. History of fainting spells of unknown or undetermined etiology that might constitute seizures 10. History of seizures, diagnosis of epilepsy, or immediate (1st degree relative) family history epilepsy with the exception of a single seizure of benign etiology (e.g. febrile seizures) in the judgment of a board-certified neurologist 11. Chronic (particularly) uncontrolled medical conditions that may cause a medical emergency in case of a provoked seizure (cardiac malformation, cardiac dysrhythmia, asthma, etc.) 12. Any metal in the brain or skull (excluding dental fillings) or elsewhere in the body unless cleared by the responsible covering MD (e.g. MRI compatible joint replacement) 13. Any devices such as pacemaker, medication pump, nerve stimulator, TENS unit, ventriculo-peritoneal shunt unless cleared by the responsible covering MD 14. All female participants of child-bearing age will be required to have a pregnancy test; any participant who is pregnant or planning to become pregnant will not be enrolled in the study 15. Medications will be reviewed by the responsible covering physician and a decision about inclusion will be made based on the participant's past medical history, drug dose, history of recent medication changes or duration of treatment, and use of CNS active drugs. The published TMS guidelines review of medications to be considered with rTMS will be taken into consideration given their described effects on cortical excitability measures. 16. Participants who, in the investigator's opinion, might not be suitable for the study or would be unable to tolerate the study visit