New test aims to spot kidney cancer early with just a blood or urine sample

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Subjects enrolled in this study must meet one of the 3 following criteria: * Group 1: Healthy individual with no history of cancer or hematuria * Group 2: Subject with a diagnosis of localized renal cell carcinoma (by imaging and eventual pathology) scheduled to undergo nephrectomy * Group 3: Subject with a diagnosis of metastatic renal cell cancer(by imaging and eventual pathology) who is scheduled to begin a new systemic therapy * Any type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC); any prior therapy * Performance status: 0-3 * Leukocytes \>= 3,000/mcL (frequently used - numbers listed are examples, investigator should modify as needed) * Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,500/mcL (frequently used - numbers listed are examples, investigator should modify as needed) * Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * For normal subject arm: no evidence of cancer or hematuria * For localized RCC arm: no evidence of metastatic disease, second cancer, prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier * For metastatic RCC arm: no evidence of second cancer, prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier * For all subjects: uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to previous or current history of second malignancy unrelated to renal cell carcinoma; autoimmune disease or immune deficiency, chronic treatment with immunomodulatory therapies (e.g. glucocorticoids); significant trauma, surgery, or infection in the past two weeks or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements