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Can immunotherapy outperform chemotherapy for lung cancer?

NCT ID NCT04909164

Disease control Sponsor: Myung-Ju Ahn Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Sep 04, 2026 · Last updated Sep 04, 2026

Summary

This trial studies people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who have already tried platinum-based chemotherapy. Researchers compare those who receive immunotherapy with those who receive standard chemotherapy as a second-line treatment. The goal is to see which approach helps patients live longer without their cancer progressing, and to identify who benefits most from immunotherapy.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
Immunotherapy (PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) compared with cytotoxic chemotherapy
What this could lead to
If it works, this could help doctors choose which lung cancer patients should receive immunotherapy instead of chemotherapy, improving survival and quality of life.
What could go wrong
The trial is observational in design, so results may be influenced by patient selection. Immunotherapy can cause immune-related side effects, and not all patients may respond.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Participants

1,519 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

Jun 2021

Finished

Jul 2026

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Who is studied

real-world lung cancer patients

Ages

19 years and older

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

7-1 Inclusion criteria 7-1-1 Immunotherapy arm (prospective data collection) * Male and female patients aged 19 years and above * Patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC * Patients on palliative therapy for recurrence after surgery or de novo advanced and metastatic disease * Patients receiving reimbursed immunotherapy as second-line therapy (in case of targeted therapy, patients receiving immunotherapy after targeted therapy-platinum-based chemotherapy) or as reimbursed first-line therapy * Patients who provided written informed consent for the study (including the secondary use of the study data and sharing with third parties) 7-1-2 Cytotoxic chemotherapy arm (prospective/retrospective data collection) * Male and female patients aged 19 years and above * Patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC * Patients on palliative therapy for recurrence after surgery or de novo advanced and metastatic disease * Prospective: Patients receiving reimbursed cytotoxic chemotherapy as second-line therapy after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy * Retrospective: In addition to the prospective data, retrospective data will be collected from medical records of 680 patients (or more) who had records of receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2018 (1:1 comparison between the immunotherapy arm and the chemotherapy arm). If the patient did not die within the first 12 months after diagnosis, available follow-up data of at least 12 months will be collected from the medical records of the participating institution.Patients who provided written informed consent for the study (including the secondary use of the study data and sharing with third parties) 7-2 Exclusion criteria 7-2-1 Immunochemotherapy arm * Patients receiving immunotherapy without reimbursement * Patients who do not provide consent to the study 7-2-2 Cytotoxic chemotherapy arm * Patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy without reimbursement * Patients who do not provide consent to the study

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

non-small cell lung carcinoma

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine

    Seoul, 135-710, South Korea

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