Spinach test reveals Gut's role in kidney stones

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: In order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria: * Subjects \> 18 years and \< 80 years of age * a confirmed diagnosis of IBD or \> 6 months post- RYGB, with a diagnosis USD event (renal colic with spontaneous stone passage, emergency room visits, or urological interventions) or have kidney stone on imaging (CT, MRI, or US) in the previous three years. * We will include all racial and ethnic groups, and both men and women. In order to be eligible in this study as a healthy control, an individual must meet all of the following criteria: * Subjects \> 18 years and \< 80 years of age * Healthy controls with no chronic diseases, not on any chronic medications, no history of GI pathology, or urinary stone disease (USD). * We will include all racial and ethnic groups, and both men and women. Exclusion Criteria: An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study: * pregnant or nursing women and people with any medical, psychiatric, debilitating disease/disorder or social condition that, in the judgment of the investigator, would interfere with or serve as a contraindication to adherence to the study protocol, ability to give ICF or complete the protocol. * subjects with total and partial colectomy. * subjects who received oral, intramuscular, or intravenous antibiotics within three months before screening. * Patients with perianal disease usually receive recurrent antibiotics and, therefore, will be excluded from the study. * patients with an ongoing symptomatic IBD flare or a flare within the previous three months * patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) \< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 calculated by the CKD-EPI equation measured anytime within the preceding year. An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study as a healthy control: * pregnant or nursing women and people with any medical, psychiatric, debilitating disease/disorder or social condition that, in the judgment of the investigator, would interfere with or serve as a contraindication to adherence to the study protocol, ability to give ICF or complete the protocol. * subjects with total and partial colectomy. * subjects who received oral, intramuscular, or intravenous antibiotics within three months before screening. * Patients with perianal disease usually receive recurrent antibiotics and, therefore, will be excluded from the study. * patients with an ongoing symptomatic IBD flare or a flare within the previous three months * patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) \< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 calculated by the CKD-EPI equation measured anytime within the preceding year.