A toothpaste designed for aging mouths takes on bad breath

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 18 and 65 years. * Male or female. * Orally healthy according to clinical examination, with no active oral condition that could interfere with study outcomes. * At least 20 natural teeth. * No active periodontitis. * No clinically relevant untreated cavitated caries. * No acute oral mucosal disease. * Any existing systemic condition must be stable, controlled, and considered unlikely to interfere with the study outcomes. * Willingness to use only the oral care products provided during each treatment period. * Willingness to refrain from oral hygiene procedures for 24 hours before each assessment visit. * Willingness to refrain from food, beverages other than water, smoking, chewing gum, candies, oral sprays, mouthwashes, and oral hygiene procedures for 3 to 4 hours before each assessment. * Ability to understand the study objectives and procedures. * Provision of written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Active oral or dental disease that could interfere with the study outcomes. Active periodontitis. * Periodontal probing depths greater than 3 mm at multiple sites, according to clinical judgment. * Clinically relevant generalized gingival bleeding. * Clinically relevant untreated cavitated caries. * Oral candidiasis. * Oral ulceration, stomatitis, symptomatic oral mucosal lesions, or acute oral infection. * Clinical signs of severe xerostomia or pathological hyposalivation. * Fewer than 20 natural teeth. * Acute systemic disease or uncontrolled chronic systemic disease. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. * Active autoimmune or systemic inflammatory disease. * Gastrointestinal, respiratory, otorhinolaryngological, or metabolic conditions associated with clinically significant extraoral halitosis. * Use of systemic antibiotics within 4 weeks before enrollment. * Habitual use of antiseptic mouthwashes, anti-halitosis products, or dry-mouth products within 2 weeks before enrollment. * Use of medications with a strong xerostomic effect that, in the investigator's judgment, could interfere with study outcomes. * Smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day. * Inability to refrain from smoking for 3 to 4 hours before assessment visits. * Pregnancy or breastfeeding. * Known or suspected allergy to any component of the study products. * Professional dental cleaning or invasive dental procedures within 2 weeks before enrollment. * Inability or unwillingness to comply with the study procedures. * Participation in another clinical study within 4 weeks before enrollment.