Bladder calculus

This study tests whether giving patients a special nutritional drink (immunonutrition) before bladder removal surgery can reduce complications like infections. About 232 adults having open cystectomy for various bladder conditions will be randomly assigned to receive the drink or…

This study looks at whether adding a small drainage tube in the belly during surgery for large bladder stones (over 2 cm) can make the operation faster and easier. About 140 adults will be randomly assigned to get the standard procedure alone or with the extra tube. The main goal…

This study compares two surgical techniques for removing bladder stones in children aged 2 to 14 years. One method uses a small cut in the belly area with a vacuum to remove stone fragments, while the other uses a scope through the urethra. The goal is to see which approach is fa…

This study compares two ways to use a laser to break up bladder stones in children: dusting (turning stones into fine dust) and fragmentation (breaking them into small pieces for removal). About 110 children with a single stone smaller than 3 cm will be randomly assigned to one m…