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Virtual reality or electrical stimulation: which boosts stroke arm recovery?

NCT ID NCT07666308

Symptom relief Sponsor: Ankara City Hospital Bilkent Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This study tested whether adding virtual reality-based mirror therapy or electrical stimulation-assisted cycling to standard rehab helps stroke survivors regain arm function better than rehab alone. Sixty adults who had a stroke within the past six months took part in a four-week program. Researchers measured arm movement, daily use, and quality of life before and after treatment.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
virtual reality-based mirror therapy and functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling
What this could lead to
If successful, this could point toward effective rehabilitation strategies to improve arm function and quality of life after stroke.
What could go wrong
This is a small, completed trial with 60 participants. Results may not apply to all stroke survivors, and the therapies may not outperform standard rehabilitation.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Not a phased trial

Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.

Participants

60 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

May 2021

Finished

Feb 2023

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

18 years and older

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Age older than 18 years * First-ever stroke * Unilateral hemiplegia * Time since stroke onset ≤6 months * Upper extremity Brunnstrom recovery stage between 1 and 4 * Modified Ashworth Scale score \<3 in the affected upper extremity * Ability to maintain sufficient sitting balance Exclusion Criteria: * Visual impairment * Contraindication to electrical stimulation, including cardiac pacemaker implantation * Cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination score \<25) * Severe aphasia preventing completion of clinical assessments * Presence of additional neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular junction disorders, motor neuron disease, or peripheral nerve lesions * Neglect syndrome * Orthopedic conditions affecting upper extremity function, including amputation or joint contracture * Severe cardiac disease * Uncontrolled hypertension * Epilepsy * Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder * Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy * Acute deep vein thrombosis or thrombophlebitis * Local infection at the treatment site

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

hemiplegia stroke disorder

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Hemiplegia Stroke Upper extremity impairments

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital

    Ankara, Ankara, 06800, Turkey (Türkiye)

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