Scientists probe Virus-Cancer link to unlock better treatments

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients followed in one of the following AP-HP clinical departments * Confirmed histological diagnosis of: * HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (positive HPV PCR). * Non-HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (negative HPV PCR). * HIV-associated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (positive HIV serology). * HPV-related NSCLC (malignant transformation of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with positive HPV PCR). * NSCLC neither HPV-related (negative HPV PCR) nor HIV-associated (negative HIV serology). * Large-cell B lymphoma (diffuse large-cell NOS B lymphoma, high-grade B lymphoma, primary B lymphoma of the central nervous system): * Post-transplant lymphoma (PTL) linked or not to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)(EBER positive or negative on tumour tissue). * Associated with HIV (positive HIV serology) and EBV-related or not (positive or negative EBER on tumour tissue). * Associated with neither HIV nor EBV (negative HIV serology, negative EBER on negative tumour tissue). * HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (positive HPV PCR) and associated with HIV (positive HIV serology). * HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (positive HPV PCR) not associated with HIV (negative HIV serology). * Patients in the virus-associated cancers VS non-virus-associated cancers groups will be matched on important clinical features within the groups: * Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: tumour stage (I/II or III/IV according to 8th TNM (85)), smoking status (smoker or non-smoker) and systemic anti-tumour treatment planned or received (cytotoxic chemotherapy or Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)(anti PD1) or cytotoxic chemotherapy and ICI(anti PD1)). * NSCLC: histology (squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma), tumour stage (I/II or III/IV according to 8th TNM (85)), smoking status (smoker or non-smoker) and systemic anti-tumour treatment planned or received (ICI (anti PD1) or cytotoxic chemotherapy and ICI (anti PD1)). * NHL: patients will be matched 2:2 (LPT EBV+ vs EBV- and HIV+ EBV+ vs EBV-) on location (systemic vs brain), performans status (PS 0-1 vs 2-4) for brain lymphomas, and age-adjusted IPI score (LDH, performans status, stage: 0-1 vs 2-3) for systemic lymphomas. * Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: tumour stage (I/II or III/IV according to 8th TNM (85)), and anti-tumour treatment planned or received (cytotoxic chemotherapy or cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy). For the analysis of the characteristics of the MET at diagnosis: tumour material (biopsy or surgical specimen) available dating from before the introduction of anti-cancer treatments. This tumour material must come from the tumour's organ of origin for patients in the oropharynx, NSCLC and anal canal cohorts. * For the analysis of mechanisms of resistance to systemic anti-tumour treatments: tumour material (biopsy or surgical specimen) available from before the introduction of anti-cancer treatments and tumour material (biopsy or surgical specimen) taken after tumour progression under treatment and before the introduction of a new systemic anti-tumour treatment. This tumour material must come from the tumour's organ of origin for patients in the oropharynx, NSCLC and anal canal cohorts. * Cancer that has undergone or is due to undergo excision surgery or biopsy. * Informed consent to participate signed before any specific study procedure is carried out. Exclusion Criteria: * Cancers other than those included in the study. * For NHL: plasmablastic lymphoma, polymorphic lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, unknown tumour EBV status, unknown HIV status. * For lung cancers: NSCLC with histology other than adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, EGFR mutation, ALK rearrangement. * Tumour material of interest exhausted: insufficient for the analyses planned in the study. * For the anal canal, oropharynx and NSCLC cohorts: immunosuppressive treatment (corticosteroids \<10mg prednisone equivalent per day authorised). * Adults under guardianship or curatorship.