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Can VR games ease phantom limb pain? new study says maybe

NCT ID NCT05296265

Symptom relief Sponsor: Albert Einstein Healthcare Network Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

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Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed This study
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Sep 10, 2026 · Updated 2 times

Summary

This study tested two virtual reality (VR) treatments for phantom limb pain in 46 people who had a leg amputated. One group played VR games that made them move their virtual leg, while the other group watched a relaxing VR scene. The goal was to see if either approach could reduce pain intensity and improve pain quality. The study is already completed, and results may help develop drug-free pain relief options.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Not a phased trial

Phase numbers describe drug development. The registry uses this when they do not apply, as it does for trials of devices, procedures or behaviour changes, and for observational studies.

Participants

46 people

The number who actually took part.

Started

May 2022

Finished

Apr 2025

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

18 to 100 years

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18 - 100 years 2. Capacity to provide Informed Consent 3. Unilateral above or below knee amputation more than 3 months prior to enrollment 4. Absence of cognitive impairment, operationally defined as a Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of 18 or greater 5. Pain averaged over the preceding 1 month in the phantom limb rated as greater than 4 on a scale of 0-10. Exclusion Criteria: 1. History of significant medical or neurological disorder such as stroke or moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (operationally defined as loss of consciousness for more than 30 minutes) 2. History of significant or poorly controlled psychiatric disorders 3. Current significant depression or anxiety as judged by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Zigmond \& Snaith, 1983). 4. Current abuse of alcohol or drugs, prescription or otherwise 5. Nursing a child, pregnant, or intent to become pregnant during the study

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

Phantom Limb

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Phantom limb pain

Contacts and locations

Locations

  • Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute

    Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, 19027, United States

  • University of Pennsylvania

    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States

  • University of Washington-Harborview Medical Center

    Seattle, Washington, 98104, United States

More trials for these conditions

Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.