Brain scans reveal why dieting fails?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 25-64 years * Behavioral Weight Loss (BWL) \& Surgical Weight Loss (SWL) (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) or Sleeve Gastrectomy): BMI 30- \<56 kg/m² * RYGB and Sleeve Gastrectomy: eligible for RYGB or Sleeve Gastrectomy and not undergoing revision or reoperation * Healthy Weight Controls (HWC): BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m² Exclusion Criteria: * Poorly controlled hypertension or coronary artery disease, or chronic disease (e.g. cancer, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune disease, rheumatic disease) Blood Pressure \> 160/100 mmHG Heart Rate \> 110 bpm * Chronic kidney disease (GFR \<60 mL/min/1.73 m2), * Presence of cirrhosis (Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NALFD)/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) are acceptable), * Previous or planned (during the study period) obesity treatment with surgery (planned surgery ok for the SWL group) or a weight loss device. However, the following are allowed: (1) liposuction and/or abdominoplasty, if performed \> 1 year before screening, (2) lap banding, if the band has been removed \> 1 year before screening, (3) intragastric balloon, if the balloon has been removed \> 1 year before screening or (4) duodenal-jejunal bypass sleeve, if the sleeve has been removed \> 1 year before screening, * A1c \> 8.5% in Bariatric group; A1c ≥ 6.5% for BWL and HWC groups, * Current use of insulin (insulin ok for Surgical Weight Loss group, also called SWL), DPP-4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones or medications known to alter metabolic function (e.g. atypical antipsychotics, corticosteroids), * Pregnancy or breastfeeding, * MRI contraindications (e.g. implanted metal, claustrophobia), or unable to have MRI or fit in MRI scanner * Current smoking/daily use of nicotine containing products (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, vaping or other nicotine containing products) or heavy alcohol use, * Weight \>450 pounds (iDXA limit), * Weight-reduced from lifetime maximum weight by \>16%, * Weight not stable over past 3 months (±10%), * T2D (for BWL or HWC), * Inability to participate in a weight loss program (BWL) * History of eating disorder or current eating disorder, currently enrolled in a weight loss program (ok for the SWL group provided weight stability and lifetime weight-reduced maximum conditions are met) or taking medications to lose weight * Severe food allergies * Any condition that the study physician determines to be unsafe for participation