Precision radiation may boost stem cell transplant success in tough leukemias

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Participant has the ability and the willingness to sign the informed consent document (for adults only, for participants with mild cognitive abilities may use a legally authorized representative) * Documented (signed) informed consent; the patient, family member and transplant staff physician (physician, nurse, and social worker) meet at least once prior to starting the transplant procedure; during this meeting all pertinent information with respect to risks and benefits to donor and recipient will be presented; alternative treatment modalities will be discussed; the risks are explained in detail in the enclosed consent forms * Karnofsky performance status \>= 70% =\< 2 * Acute lymphocytic leukemia or acute myelogenous leukemia who are not in first remission or second remission i.e. after failing induction therapy, or in relapse or beyond second remission; (prior therapy with VP-16 and Cytoxan is allowed) * All candidates for this study must have a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) (A, B, C, DR) identical siblings who is willing to donate bone marrow or primed blood stem cells or a 10/10 allele matched unrelated donor; a single allele mismatch at A, B, C, DR or DQ and a killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) mismatch at C will be allowed; all ABO blood group combinations of the donor/recipient are acceptable * The time from the end last induction, re-induction, or consolidation regimen should be greater than or equal to 14 days from planned start of study treatment; Note: Chemotherapy given within 14 days of planned study enrollment for the purpose of controlling counts is permitted * Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) OR 3 x ULN for Gilbert's disease * Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) =\< 5 x ULN * Measured creatinine clearance \>= 80 ml/min per 24 hour urine collection OR serum creatinine =\< 1.3 mg/dL * Women of child bearing potential only: Negative urine or serum pregnancy test * Pulmonary function tests: Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) (adjusted for Hb) \>= 50% adjusted of predicted normal value * Echocardiogram (ECHO) or multi gated acquisition scan (MUGA): ejection fraction of \>= 50% AND no finding of abnormal wall motion (i.e. report does not indicate that wall motion is "abnormal" or "altered") * Electrocardiogram (EKG) showing no ischemic changes and no abnormal rhythm * Agreement of men AND women-of-child-bearing-potential to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control or abstinence) prior to study entry and for six months following duration of study participation; should a woman become pregnant or suspect that she is pregnant while participating on the trial, she should inform her treating physician immediately * DONOR ELIGIBILITY: Donor evaluation and eligibility will be assessed as per current City of Hope standard operating procedure (SOP) Exclusion Criteria: * Prior autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell * Prior radiation therapy that would exclude the use of TMLI * Plans during the trial to receive any other (non-trial) investigational agents, or concurrent biological, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy; (chemotherapy for white blood count control is permitted) * Uncontrolled illness including ongoing or active infection * History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to etoposide * Patients with other active malignancies are ineligible for this study, other than localized malignancies * Patients with psychological or medical condition that patient's physician deems unacceptable to proceed to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation * Women who are planning to become pregnant or breast feed during the trial * Subjects, who in the opinion of the investigator, may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study