Cialis and keytruda together against head and neck cancer: small trial shows promise?
NCT ID NCT03993353
First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026
Summary
This completed phase II study tested a combination of two drugs—tadalafil (Cialis) and pembrolizumab (Keytruda)—in 7 adults with advanced head and neck cancer that had spread or come back. The goal was to see if the combination was safe and could help control the disease. Because the trial was very small, its results are limited and more research is needed.
What this could mean
Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.
- Active substance
- pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and tadalafil (Cialis)
- What this could lead to
- If it works, this combination could offer a new treatment option for advanced head and neck cancer that has spread or come back.
- What could go wrong
- This was a very small early-phase trial with only 7 participants, so results may not apply to everyone. The combination may not work better than existing treatments and could cause side effects.
This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.
Study facts
What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.
- Phase
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Phase 2
Tests whether the treatment actually works, and watches for side effects, in a larger group.
- Participants
-
7 people
The number who actually took part.
- Started
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Apr 2020
- Finished
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Jan 2024
- Lead sponsor
-
Other sponsor
The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.
Who can take part
This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.
- Ages
-
18 years and older
- Sex
-
Anyone
- Healthy volunteers
-
Not accepted
This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.
Show the full entry requirements Hide the full entry requirements
Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.
Selected Inclusion Criteria: * Patients (at least 18 years of age) must have recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. * Presence of measurable disease. * Life expectancy of greater than 12 weeks * Patients must have normal organ and marrow function Selected Exclusion Criteria: * Prior therapy with an PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor in the recurrent or metastatic setting * Uncontrolled central nervous system metastases (stable metastases permitted) * Active autoimmune disease * Chemotherapy ≤28 days prior to first administration of study treatment and/or monoclonal antibody ≤8 weeks prior to first administration of study treatment. * Prior daily use of tadalafil or other long-acting PDE5 inhibitors for one month or greater within 3 months of trial enrollment * Current use of all other long-acting PDE5 inhibitors. * Known severe hypersensitivity to tadalafil or any of the excipients of this product * Current treatment with nitrates * Current systemic treatment with a potent cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitor such as ketoconazole or ritonavir. * Current treatment with guanylate cyclase (GC) stimulators such as riociguat. * History of hypotension and/or blindness and/or sensorineural hearing loss during prior treatment with tadalafil or other PDE-5 inhibitors * History of known hereditary degenerative retinal disorders, including retinitis pigmentosa * Prior history of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy * Pregnant or breastfeeding; a negative pregnancy test is required within 14 days of randomization for all women of childbearing potential. * History of stroke within prior 6 months. * History of acute myocardial infarction within prior 3 months, uncontrolled angina, uncontrolled arrhythmia, or uncontrolled congestive heart failure * Left ventricular outflow obstructions, such as aortic stenosis and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis * Angina requiring treatment with long-acting nitrates * Angina requiring treatment with short-acting nitrates within 90 days of planned tadalafil administration * Unstable angina within 90 days of visit 1 (Braunwald 1989) * Positive cardiac stress test without documented evidence of subsequent, effective cardiac intervention * History of any of the following coronary conditions within 90 days of planned tadalafil administration: * Myocardial Infarction * Coronary artery bypass graft surgery * Percutaneous coronary intervention (for example, angioplasty or stent placement) * Any evidence of heart disease (NYHA ≥ Class II as defined in Protocol Attachment LVHG.3) within 6 months of planned tadalafil administration * Concurrent systemic immunosuppressant therapy (e.g., cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, etc., or chronic administration of \>10 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent) * Prior organ transplantation * Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or active infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV).
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Conditions
The condition(s) this trial relates to.
As listed by the trial registrant
The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.
Contacts and locations
Locations
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UCSD Moores Cancer Center
La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
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