New stem cell filtering method could make transplants safer for kids

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * No Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical sibling available AND * NO HLA matched unrelated donor available OR urgent need of HSCT precludes time necessary to search for suitable HLA matched unrelated donor AND * Haploidentical donor OR closely matched unrelated donor available and willing to undergo mobilization and apheresis * If subject has genetically confirmed inherited bone marrow failure, related donor must be evaluated for this disorder and testing must be negative. * If subject has sickle cell disease, donor must be unaffected or have only sickle cell trait * Patient must be diagnosed with one of the following diseases or disorders: * Hemoglobinopathies * Sickle Cell Disease for patients ≤ 21 years of age for whom hydroxyurea has been trialed for at least six months, and failed * Thalassemia Major for patients ≤ 21 years of age * Acquired Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes * Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria with bone marrow failure * Myelodysplastic Syndromes (lower risk) * Severe acquired aplastic anemia * Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes * Fanconi Anemia * Diamond Blackfan Anemia * Dyskeratosis Congenita and related telomere disorders * Congenital Thrombocytopenia Syndromes * Severe Congenital Neutropenia * Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome * Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) or Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRD) * Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) * Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) * Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) * Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) * Age ≤ 25 years (except patients with hemoglobinopathies) * Life Expectancy ≥ 3 months * Karnofsky (patients \> 16 years)/Lansky (patients ≤ 16 years) index ≥ 60 * Organ Function Requirements * Renal Function * Creatinine clearance or radioisotope Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) greater than or equal to 60 ml/min/1.73m\^2 * Liver Function * Total bilirubin \< 3 mg/dL * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/ Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; synonymous with ALT (SCPT) ≤ 3 x Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) for age * Cardiac Function * Ejection fraction of \> 40% by Multiple gated acquisition scan (MUGA) or echocardiogram * Pulmonary Function * No evidence of dyspnea at rest * No supplemental oxygen requirement * If measured, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) \> 50% * Willing to use effective birth control method if patient is of reproductive potential * Informed consent obtained (patient or legal representative) Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant * HIV infection * Uncontrolled, serious active infection at screening * Significant serious intercurrent illnesses * Enrollment in any other treatment study that would interfere with the endpoints of this study according to judgement of Principal Investigator (or PI designee).