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Massive UK trial seeks best drugs to beat pneumonia and COVID-19

NCT ID NCT04381936

Disease control Sponsor: University of Oxford Source: ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

What the study statuses mean

This study's is highlighted.

Recruitment status, easiest to join first

Recruiting now This study
This trial is taking on new participants right now.
Not yet recruiting
Registered, but not yet taking participants.
By invitation only
Not open to general applications. Only people the study team invites can take part.
Paused
Paused for now. It may or may not start again.
Ongoing
Running, but no longer taking on new participants.
Completed
The trial has finished. Results may not be published yet.
Stopped early
Stopped early, before it reached the end. That can be for many reasons, including safety.
Cancelled
Cancelled before anyone took part.

Expanded access (not trials)

Expanded access
Not a trial. This treatment can be requested outside a study, case by case, for people who qualify.
Expanded access (paused)
Not a trial. The treatment can normally be requested outside a study, but is unavailable right now.
Expanded access (ended)
Not a trial. The treatment could once be requested outside a study, but no longer can.
Approved
The treatment has been approved, so it is available normally rather than through this programme.

When the status isn't known

Details not published
The full record has not been published yet, so there is little to show here.
Status unknown
This status has not been confirmed recently, so it may be out of date.

First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026

Summary

This large Phase 3 trial is testing many different treatments, including antiviral drugs and steroids, in 70,000 hospitalized patients with pneumonia (including COVID-19). The goal is to see which treatments reduce deaths and speed up recovery. Researchers compare each treatment against standard care to find what works best.

What this could mean

Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.

Active substance
Multiple drugs including lopinavir-ritonavir, dexamethasone, azithromycin, tocilizumab, and others
What this could lead to
If successful, this could identify effective treatments to reduce deaths and shorten hospital stays for patients with pneumonia, including COVID-19.
What could go wrong
This is a large, ongoing trial testing many drugs, so results may vary for each. Some treatments may prove ineffective or have side effects, and findings may not apply to all patient groups.

This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.

Study facts

What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.

Phase

Phase 3

Large-scale testing in a bigger group. Usually the last step before a treatment can be approved.

Participants

About 70,000 people

The number the study aims to enrol. It can still change while the study runs.

Started

Mar 2020

Expected to finish

Sep 2038

An estimate. End dates often move.

Lead sponsor

Other sponsor

The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.

Who can take part

This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.

Ages

0 years and older

Sex

Anyone

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.

Show the full entry requirements

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Eligibility Criteria (as per Protocol v28.0): Patients are eligible for the study if all of the following are true: (i) Hospitalised (ii) Pneumonia syndrome In general, pneumonia should be suspected when a patient presents with: 1. typical symptoms of a new respiratory tract infection (e.g. influenza-like illness with fever and muscle pain, or respiratory illness with cough and shortness of breath); and 2. objective evidence of acute lung disease (e.g. consolidation or ground-glass shadowing on X-ray or CT, hypoxia, or compatible clinical examination); and 3. alternative causes have been considered unlikely or excluded (e.g. heart failure). However, the diagnosis remains a clinical one based on the opinion of the managing doctor (the above criteria are just a guide). (iii) One of the following diagnoses: 1. Confirmed influenza A or B infection (including patients with SARS-CoV-2 co-infection) 2. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with planned antibiotic treatment (excluding patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2, influenza, active pulmonary tuberculosis or Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia) (iv) No medical history that might, in the opinion of the attending clinician, put the patient at significant risk if he/she were to participate in the trial Patients with suspected or confirmed active pulmonary tuberculosis or Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (also known as PCP or PJP) are excluded from the CAP comparison, as these infections are caused by specific organisms with distinct pathologies, and so are not usually categorised as CAP. Eligibility for the CAP comparison also requires planned antibiotic treatment, so patients being treated solely for fungal or viral pneumonia are not eligible. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza co-infection are eligible, but would be excluded from certain comparisons if the attending clinician believes that there is a specific contra-indication to one of the active drug treatment arms (see Protocol Appendix 2, Appendix 3 for children, and Appendix 4 for pregnant and breastfeeding women), or that the patient should definitely be receiving one of the active drug treatment arms then that arm will not be available for randomisation for that patient. For patients who lack capacity, an advanced directive or behaviour that clearly indicates that they would not wish to participate in the trial would be considered sufficient reason to exclude them from the trial. Patients who have been previously recruited into RECOVERY are eligible to be recruited again as long as their previous randomisation was \>6 months ago. Patients will not be recruited into the same randomised comparison (e.g. sotrovimab vs. usual care) on more than one occasion, regardless of how far apart they occur. In some locations, children (aged \<18 years) will not be recruited, to comply with local and national regulatory approvals (see Appendix 6). Note: the eligibility criteria has changed from COVID-19 to pneumonia (Influenza \& CAP). For detailed information about previous eligibility criteria please see the previous Protocol's on the study website: https://www.recoverytrial.net/uk/for-site-staff/site-set-up-1/regulatory-documents

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Conditions

The condition(s) this trial relates to.

Community-Acquired Pneumonia COVID-19 influenza pneumonia

As listed by the trial registrant

The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.

Pneumonia

How to take part

Only the study team decides who joins. These are the ways to reach them.

  1. The study's own enquiry address

    This study publishes an address for enquiries. See it below .

  2. The places running it

    15 sites in 15 countries. The list below names each one and where it is.

  3. The official record

    ClinicalTrials.gov lists the study team's own contact details, including names and phone numbers. We don't republish those.

    Open the record ↗

  4. A doctor treating you

    A doctor who knows your case can contact a study site on your behalf, and can tell you whether this study is worth pursuing at all.

Contacts and locations

Study contacts

  • Contact

    Email: •••••@•••••

Locations

  • Belgian sites are managed by the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases

    RECRUITING

    Brussels, Belgium

    Contact Email: •••••@•••••

  • Clinical Trial Unit, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit-Nepal, Patan Academy of Health Sciences

    RECRUITING

    Kathmandu, Nepal

  • Dutch sites are managed by the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases

    RECRUITING

    Utrecht, 3584 BA, Netherlands

    Contact Email: •••••@•••••

  • Eijkman Oxford Clinical Research Unit (EOCRU), Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology

    RECRUITING

    Jakarta, Indonesia

  • Estonian sites are managed by the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases

    RECRUITING

    Tallinn, Estonia

    Contact Email: •••••@•••••

  • French sites are managed by the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases

    RECRUITING

    Paris, France

    Contact Email: •••••@•••••

  • Indian Council of Medical Research, Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases

    COMPLETED

    New Delhi, ICMR-110029, India

  • Italian sites are managed by the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases

    RECRUITING

    Roma, Italy

    Contact Email: •••••@•••••

  • Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine KNUST

    RECRUITING

    Kumasi, Ghana

  • Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford

    RECRUITING

    Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom

    Contact Email: •••••@•••••

  • Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine

    RECRUITING

    Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Contact Email: •••••@•••••

  • Portuguese sites are managed by the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases

    RECRUITING

    Lisbon, Portugal

    Contact Email: •••••@•••••

  • Romanian sites are managed by the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases

    RECRUITING

    Bucharest, Romania

    Contact Email: •••••@•••••

  • Spanish sites are managed by the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases

    RECRUITING

    Barcelona, Spain

    Contact Email: •••••@•••••

  • Swedish sites are managed by the European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases

    RECRUITING

    Stockholm, Sweden

    Contact Email: •••••@•••••

  • Wits Health Consortium

    RECRUITING

    Johannesburg, South Africa

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