Could Pre-Surgery radiation save brain tissue and skip a second treatment?

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with prior histopathological diagnosis of cancer other than small cell lung cancer, lymphoma, and germ cell histologies. * MR imaging of the brain with findings strongly suggestive of metastatic tumor(s) as assessed by the radiologist. * MR evidence of at least one brain lesion ≤ 40 mm in maximal diameter that is deemed to be surgically resectable as evaluated by the neurosurgeon and appropriate for SRS. All other brain lesions must be appropriate for SRS alone and treated according to physician preference. Prior neurosurgery and/or prior SRS at a non-overlapping location are permitted at the discretion of the treating physician. * Written informed consent obtained from subject, or a legally designated power of attorney and ability for subject to comply with the requirements of the study. * Negative pregnancy test in women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) within 30 days of radiation. WOCBP is a female patient less than 50 years of age or who has menstruated within the last 12 months. * Patients aged ≥ 18 years. * Life expectancy ≥ 3 months * Non-acute KPS ≥ 60% Exclusion Criteria: * Patients deemed medically unfit to undergo surgical resection of brain metastasis, such as those who are neurologically or hemodynamically unstable despite appropriate medical interventions. * Patients who have had whole brain radiation within the previous three months. * Patients with \>4 brain metastases. * Active or prior: documented inherited hypersensitivity syndromes, certain autoimmune diseases, and certain collagen vascular diseases. For example, any radiation hypersensitivity syndrome, including, but not limited to, ataxia-telangiectasia, Gorlin syndrome, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, and systemic lupus erythematosus. * Radiographic or cytologic evidence of leptomeningeal disease. * Patients receiving methotrexate, adriamycin, epirubicine, or navelbin for one week prior to or concurrently with SRS. Note: All other systemic anti-cancer therapies will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis by study PI to determine if appropriate for study treatment and documented within the research record or EMR.