Electric pulses aim to tame irregular heartbeat after stroke prevention surgery

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged 18-75 years; 2. Documented symptomatic atrial fibrillation; 3. Ineffective or intolerant to at least one class I or III antiarrhythmic drug; 4. Able to fully understand the treatment protocol, voluntarily sign the informed consent form, and willing to undergo the required examinations, procedures, and follow-up. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients who have previously undergone left atrial surgery; 2. Left atrial thrombus; 3. Patients with pulmonary agenesis; 4. Female patients of reproductive age who cannot use effective contraception within 12 months after enrollment; 5. Left atrial anteroposterior diameter ≥ 55 mm; 6. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40%; 7. Patients who have previously undergone interatrial septal repair or removal of atrial myxoma; 8. Patients with active implanted devices (e.g., pacemaker, ICD); 9. Patients with NYHA heart failure class III-IV; 10. Patients with a clear history of cerebrovascular disease (including cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, or TIA) within the past 6 months; 11. Patients who have experienced cardiovascular events (e.g., acute myocardial infarction, coronary intervention or bypass surgery, valve replacement or repair, atrial or ventricular surgery) within the past 3 months; 12. Patients with acute or severe systemic infections; 13. Patients with severe liver or kidney disease, malignancy, or end-stage disease that may affect the treatment, assessment, or compliance of the trial (as judged by the investigator); 14. Patients with significant bleeding tendency, hypercoagulable state, or severe hematologic disorders; 15. Patients who have participated or are currently participating in another clinical trial within the past 12 months prior to enrollment; 16. Patients who the investigator deems unsuitable for participation in this trial.