Precision radiation for prostate cancer shows promise in early trial

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate and most recent biopsy within 180 days of study enrollment * History/physical examination with digital rectal examination of the prostate within 90 days prior to study enrollment * Gleason score =\< 7, no tertiary pattern \>= 5 * Clinical stage =\< T2b (American Joint Committee on Cancer \[AJCC\] 7th Edition Staging Manual) and no radiographic evidence of T3 or T4 disease * Clinical stage N0, M0 * Most recent prostate specific antigen (PSA) within 60 days of enrollment * Maximum PSA =\< 20 ng/ml (not within 20 days after biopsy) * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1 * American Urological Association (AUA) =\< 18 with or without medical management * Up to a total of year of androgen deprivation allowed. * Participant signs study specific informed consent prior to study enrollment Exclusion Criteria: * FOR ARM A: Inability to obtain a planning MRI or a planning MRI of sufficient quality to allow identification of the peripheral zone and urethra, or inability to adequately fuse the MRI to the planning CT scan * FOR BOTH ARM A AND ARM B: * Prior or concurrent invasive malignancy (except non-melanomatous skin cancer) or lymphomatous/hematogenous malignancy unless continually disease free for a minimum of 5 years; (for example, carcinoma in situ of the bladder or oral cavity is permissible) * Prosthetic implants in the pelvic region that the investigator feels will impede treatment, planning, or delivery (e.g., an artificial hip) * =\< 3 months from a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) procedure * Significant urinary obstruction (i.e. AUA symptom score \> 18) * Previous pelvic irradiation, prostate brachytherapy * Previous radical surgery (prostatectomy) or cryosurgery for prostate cancer * Severe, active comorbidity, defined as follows: * Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration * Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis * Scleroderma