Freeze and boost: new combo aims to stop breast cancer return
NCT ID NCT03546686
First seen Jun 27, 2026 · Last updated Jul 23, 2026 · Updated 2 times
Summary
This phase 2 trial is testing whether combining immunotherapy drugs (pembrolizumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab) with a freezing technique called cryoablation before standard surgery can improve outcomes for women with triple-negative breast cancer. The study enrolls 51 women who have residual disease after initial chemotherapy. The goal is to see if this approach extends the time without cancer returning or spreading.
What this could mean
Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.
- Active substance
- Pembrolizumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab (immunotherapy drugs)
- What this could lead to
- If successful, this approach could reduce the risk of breast cancer returning after surgery and improve long-term survival for women with triple-negative breast cancer.
- What could go wrong
- This is a small, early-phase trial with only 51 participants, so results may not apply to all patients. Immunotherapy can cause serious side effects like inflammation of organs, and the combination with cryoablation is experimental.
This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.
Study facts
What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.
- Phase
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Phase 2
Tests whether the treatment actually works, and watches for side effects, in a larger group.
- Participants
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51 people
The number who actually took part.
- Started
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Nov 2019
- Expected to finish
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Jun 2029
An estimate. End dates often move.
- Lead sponsor
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Other sponsor
The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.
Who can take part
This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.
- Ages
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18 years and older
- Sex
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Female participants only
- Healthy volunteers
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Not accepted
This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.
Show the full entry requirements Hide the full entry requirements
Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.
Inclusion Criteria: 1. Women age 18 years or older 2. Confirmed histologic diagnosis of invasive carcinoma of the breast 3. Pathology confirmation of invasive carcinoma (reported or requested and pending) 4. ER, PR and HER2 negative on outside or Cedars Sinai biopsy report, where ER and PR negative are defined as staining present in ≤10% of invasive cancer cells by IHC, and HER2-negative is defined as IHC 0-1+ or FISH \<2.0. If ER, PR and HER2 status are not reported the results must be requested and pending. 5. Operable tumor measuring ≥1.0 cm in maximal diameter 6. Any nodal status allowed, including negative nodal status. 7. Multifocal and multicentric disease is permitted if all foci have been biopsied and also meet the criteria for TNBC. 8. Synchronous bilateral invasive breast cancer is permitted if all foci have been biopsied and also meet the criteria for TNBC. 9. No indication of distant metastases 10. Total mastectomy or lumpectomy planned 11. Tumor amenable to cryoablation as determined by a study radiologist 12. ECOG performance status score of 0 or 1. 13. Screening laboratory values must meet the following criteria: * White blood cells (WBCs) ≥ 2000/μL * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1500/μL * Platelets ≥ 100 x 103/μL ii. Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dL iii. Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN or creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥ 40 mL/min (if using the Cockcroft-Gault formula below): Female CrCl = (140 - age in years) x weight in kg x 0.85 72 x serum creatinine in mg/dL * AST/ALT ≤ 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) * Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN (except subjects with Gilbert's syndrome, who must have total bilirubin \< 3.0 mg/dL) 14. Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must use appropriate method(s) of contraception. WOCBP should use an adequate method to avoid pregnancy for 23 weeks (30 days plus the time required for nivolumab and, ipilimumab, and pembrolizumab to undergo five half-lives) after the last dose of investigational drug. 15. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of HCG). Women must not be breastfeeding 16. Willing to adhere to the study visit schedule and the prohibitions and restrictions specified in this protocol. Exclusion Criteria: * Medical history and concurrent diseases 1. Has an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e., with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive drugs). Note: Replacement therapy (eg, thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is not considered a form of systemic treatment. 2. Any underlying medical or psychiatric condition, which in the opinion of the investigator, will make the administration of study drug hazardous or obscure the interpretation of AEs, such as a condition associated with frequent or poorly controlled diarrhea. 3. A history of invasive malignancy ≤5 years prior to signing informed consent except for adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, or in situ cervical cancer, or ovarian cancer. 4. Has known active hepatitis B or hepatitis C. * Prohibited Treatments and/or Therapies 1. Chronic use of immunosuppressants and/or systemic corticosteroids (used in the management of cancer or non-cancer-related illnesses). Brief periods of steroid use, for example for the management of chemotherapy-associated toxicities, are allowed. The use of corticosteroids on study is allowed for the treatment of immune related adverse events (irAEs) and other medical conditions including adrenal insufficiency. 2. Any non-oncology live vaccine therapy used for prevention of infectious diseases within 3 weeks prior to first dose of ICI. 3. Prior investigational agents within 3 weeks prior to ICI administration
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Conditions
The condition(s) this trial relates to.
As listed by the trial registrant
The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.
Contacts and locations
Locations
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Cedars Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, California, 90048, United States
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Ohio State University Medical Center
Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States
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Providence Cancer Institute
Portland, Oregon, 97213, United States
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UT Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States
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