Immunotherapy drug shows promise in bile duct cancer trial
NCT ID NCT04924062
First seen Jun 25, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 1 time
Summary
This Phase 3 trial tested whether adding the immunotherapy drug pembrolizumab to standard chemotherapy (gemcitabine and cisplatin) helps people with advanced bile duct cancer live longer. The study enrolled 158 Chinese adults with cancer that had spread or could not be removed by surgery. Researchers compared overall survival and cancer progression between those who got the immunotherapy combo and those who got a placebo plus chemo.
What this could mean
Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.
- Active substance
- pembrolizumab (an immunotherapy drug) plus gemcitabine and cisplatin (chemotherapy)
- What this could lead to
- If successful, this combination could become a new first-line treatment option for advanced biliary tract cancer, potentially improving survival.
- What could go wrong
- This is a Phase 3 trial, but results may not apply to all populations. Immunotherapy can cause immune-related side effects, and the benefit over chemo alone may be modest.
This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.
Study facts
What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.
- Phase
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Phase 3
Large-scale testing in a bigger group. Usually the last step before a treatment can be approved.
- Participants
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158 people
The number who actually took part.
- Started
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Jul 2020
- Finished
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Mar 2025
- Lead sponsor
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A company
The lead sponsor is a pharmaceutical, biotech, or medical-device company.
Who can take part
This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.
- Ages
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18 years and older
- Sex
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Anyone
- Healthy volunteers
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Not accepted
This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.
Show the full entry requirements Hide the full entry requirements
Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.
Inclusion Criteria * Has histologically confirmed diagnosis of advanced (metastatic) and/or unresectable (locally advanced) biliary tract cancer (intra-or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or gallbladder cancer) * Has measurable disease based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1), as determined by the site investigator * Participants with a history of hepatitis B or hepatitis C can be enrolled if they meet study criteria * Is able to provide archival tumor tissue sample or newly obtained core or excisional biopsy of a tumor lesion * Has a life expectancy of greater than 3 months * Has adequate organ function Exclusion Criteria * Has had previous systemic therapy for advanced (metastatic) or unresectable (locally advanced) biliary tract cancer (intra-or extra hepatic cholangiocarcinoma or gallbladder cancer) * Has ampullary cancer * Has small cell cancer, neuroendocrine tumors, lymphoma, sarcoma, mixed tumor histology and/or mucinous cystic neoplasms * Has received prior therapy with an anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1), anti- programmed cell death ligand 1 or 2 (anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2) agent or with an agent directed to another stimulatory or coinhibitory T-cell receptor (e.g., cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 \[CTLA-4\], OX-40, CD137) * Has a known history of, or any evidence of, central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis, as assessed by local site investigator * Has had an allogenic tissue/solid organ transplant
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Conditions
The condition(s) this trial relates to.
As listed by the trial registrant
The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.
Contacts and locations
Locations
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900 Hospital of the Joint ( Site 0137)
Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, China
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Anhui Provincial Hospital ( Site 0140)
Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
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Beijing Cancer Hospital ( Site 0138)
Beijing, Beijing Municipality, 100036, China
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First Affiliated Hospital of The Third Military Medical University ( Site 0130)
Chongqing, Chongqing Municipality, 400038, China
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Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center ( Site 0160)
Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, 201315, China
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Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital ( Site 0154)
Fuzhou, Fujian, 350014, China
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Guangdong Provincial People s Hospital ( Site 0161)
Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
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Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital ( Site 0133)
Harbin, Heilongjiang, 610000, China
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Hunan Cancer Hospital ( Site 0132)
Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
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Hunan Provincial People Hospital ( Site 0142)
Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China
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Peking Union Medical College Hospital ( Site 0150)
Beijing, Beijing Municipality, 100730, China
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Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine ( Site 0158)
Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, 200127, China
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Tangdu Hospital ( Site 0146)
Xi’an, Shanxi, 710038, China
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The 81st Hospital of PLA ( Site 0128)
Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210031, China
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The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University ( Site 0136)
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
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The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi an Jiaotong University ( Site 0145)
Xi’an, Shanxi, 710048, China
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The First Hospital of Jilin University ( Site 0131)
Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
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The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University ( Site 0157)
Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
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Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital ( Site 0155)
Tianjin, Tianjin Municipality, 300060, China
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West China Hospital of Sichuan University ( Site 0147)
Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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Zhejiang Cancer Hospital ( Site 0134)
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
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Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University ( Site 0129)
Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, 200032, China
More trials for these conditions
Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.
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- New drug combo aims to tackle Hard-to-Treat HER2 cancers
- New drug combo aims to fight deadly gallbladder cancer
- Immunotherapy combo shows promise for tough bile duct cancer
- Tumor DNA study aims to unlock secrets of drug resistance
- New cocktail of drugs shows promise for Tough-to-Treat bile duct cancer