New HOLD-B score could revolutionize emergency bleeding risk assessment
NCT ID NCT07458178
First seen Jun 25, 2026 · Last updated Jun 27, 2026 · Updated 1 time
Summary
This study looked at 312 adults with upper gastrointestinal bleeding to create a new risk score called HOLD-B. The score uses four simple factors (hemoglobin, lactate, diastolic blood pressure, and blood urea nitrogen) to predict which patients are at high risk for needing a transfusion, intensive care, or other interventions. The goal is to give emergency doctors a quick, easy tool to make better treatment decisions.
What this could mean
Our plain-language read of the trial. This is informational only, not medical advice or a prediction.
- What this could lead to
- If successful, this new scoring system could help doctors quickly identify high-risk patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, leading to faster and more appropriate care.
- What could go wrong
- This is a small, single-center retrospective study. The new score needs to be tested in larger, more diverse groups before it can be widely used.
This is an AI summary of the original study and may miss details. Read our disclaimer.
Study facts
What this study's own registry entry says, in plain language.
- Participants
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312 people
The number who actually took part.
- Started
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Jan 2024
- Finished
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Jan 2026
- Lead sponsor
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Other sponsor
The registry's catch-all category, for sponsors it does not file as a company, a government agency, or a research network.
Who can take part
This study's own entry requirements. Only the study team can say for certain whether you qualify.
Who is studied
Demographic characteristics, presenting complaints, comorbid conditions, regularly used medications, mental status, vital signs, laboratory values, admission locations, blood transfusion requirements, endoscopic hemostasis procedures, radiological interventions, surgical procedures, length of stay (LOS), readmissions, and in-hospital mortality data were obtained from the electronic patient record system. All data were recorded by a single physician using a pre-prepared data collection form.
- Ages
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18 years and older
- Sex
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Anyone
- Healthy volunteers
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Not accepted
This study is not open to healthy volunteers. The entry requirements below say who it is open to.
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Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.
Inclusion Criteria Age ≥18 years Consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department between January 2024 and January 2026 Clinical presentation suggestive of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, including hematemesis, melena, or hematochezia suspected to originate from the upper gastrointestinal tract due to rapid intestinal transit Patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during the index hospitalization Presence of endoscopic findings confirming upper gastrointestinal pathology Availability of complete clinical, laboratory, and outcome data in the hospital information management system Patients evaluated and managed in the Emergency Department of İzmir Atatürk Training and Research Hospital Exclusion Criteria Age \<18 years Patients presenting with cardiac arrest at admission Intubated patients at the time of emergency department presentation Presence of concomitant active infectious diseases Patients diagnosed with esophageal variceal bleeding Use of medications known to increase serum lactate levels, including: metformin β2-agonists methotrexate zidovudine linezolid Patients with missing or incomplete clinical or laboratory data Patients whose hospital outcomes could not be determined during follow-up
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Conditions
The condition(s) this trial relates to.
As listed by the trial registrant
The condition terms exactly as the trial's registrant entered them.
Contacts and locations
Locations
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Izmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Medicine
Izmir, Turkey (Türkiye)
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Other studies related to the condition(s) this trial covers.