A fingernail scan could reveal hidden diabetes risk

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: * Apparently healthy adults (≥18 years of age) with unknown diabetes status willing to participate in and provide a written consent for the study * Willingness to undertake assisted assessment of glycaemia: by both the NIR spectral measurements in a chosen middle fingernail, and HbA1c (blood sample) * Individuals with at least one visually assessed undamaged, intact (preferably middle) fingernail. Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals with any known medical conditions impacting either of the assessment methodology for glycaemia, such as: * Severe forms of anaemia (diagnosed iron deficiency, sickle cell anaemia or similar). * Haemoglobinopathies or atypical haemoglobin subtypes not detectable by regular (local) laboratory assays for HbA1c. * Severe renal impairment (CKD stage III-IV) or decompensated hepatic disease. * Severe Vitamin D deficiency (diagnosed or measured 25(OH)D3 \< 25 nmol/ml). * Known severe immunodeficiency such as HIV, malignancy or other chronic condition significantly impacting assessment of glycaemia. * Eating disorders (as per clinical assessment) * Recent (within 28 days) blood donation * Any other type of known diabetes than T2DM, if diagnosed (T1DM, GDM, MODY, etc.) * Any structural, deviating and visually detectable deviations in the appearance of the (only/ to be assessed) middle fingernail potentially impacting the spectra measurement, including: * nail dystrophy or deformity * severe nail infections (onychomycosis causing visual changes in the appearance of the nail). * rare hereditable conditions impacting the structure of keratin. * mechanical damage or marks on the surface of the nail after removal of nail polish. * use of acrylic or gel nail decoration and polish, which cannot be removed with acetone (use of acetone necessitates a 15 min post-removal wash-out time) * Any systemic or topical medication known to modify either the surface or structure of the nail or accuracy of HbA1c value.