Hidden muscle ring in the prostate mapped by advanced MRI

Copied word for word from the study's registry entry, so the wording is the study team's rather than ours.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Male participants undergoing clinically indicated pelvic, seminal vesicle, or prostate-related MRI-DTI examination. 2. Participants with adequate T2-weighted MRI and DTI data for post-processing and quantitative assessment of the bladder neck, prostate base, and proximal urethral region. 3. Participants in the cross-sectional imaging cohort may include men undergoing MRI for suspected cryptorchidism, suspected seminal vesiculitis, benign prostatic enlargement, or other clinically indicated pelvic or prostate-related evaluations. 4. Participants in the ADT paired follow-up cohort must have prostate cancer and be scheduled to receive androgen deprivation therapy, with MRI-DTI planned before treatment and during follow-up after ADT. 5. Participants must be able to comply with MRI examination procedures. 6. Written informed consent will be obtained when required by the approved study protocol. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Contraindications to MRI, including but not limited to incompatible metallic implants, severe claustrophobia, or other conditions preventing MRI examination. 2. Known neurogenic bladder dysfunction, including spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, or other neurological disorders that may significantly affect lower urinary tract function. 3. History of pelvic radiotherapy. 4. History of urethral reconstruction, sphincter surgery, or other prior surgery that substantially alters the bladder neck, proximal urethra, or prostate base anatomy. 5. Severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction, cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorder, or other conditions preventing cooperation with MRI examination or study procedures. 6. Use of medications or treatments within the previous 3 months that may substantially affect neuromuscular function of the lower urinary tract, as judged by the investigators. 7. Poor image quality or failed post-processing that prevents reliable visualization or measurement of the urethral internal sphincter ring.